An American Economy Essay - 934 Words

An American Economy Globalization is a very pressing issue in the American culture today. Within any economy, globalization will cause many problems while at the same time solving many others. This is true because there are many factors involved with globalization, one of the most important being job outsourcing. While at first glance and from what the media reports, job outsourcing is definitely not healthy for the economy. However on upon closer inspection, the reverse may be true. Job outsourcing, though initially stressing on the workforce, is helpful in creating a strong economy. Job outsourcing creates an initial job loss to the area in which it concerns. This happens because in a global economy, the idea is to move ones†¦show more content†¦The media and politicians attacked IBM for its un-American policies, the other event was IBM’s high second quarter profits that allowed for a one-third reduction to their lay-offs. Though that may not seem like a big deal, it is considering that when they announced their 5,000 layoffs, they also announced their addition of 5,000 other American jobs to the payroll. No one heard their second announcement through all the fuss over the companies outsourcing. With that taken into consideration however, IBM actually increased the number of American workers, making a healthier economy. The attack of the media and politicians on IBM is not even close to new. Any company with plans to cut costs by moving jobs over seas is seen as an evil monster creating a permanent job loss. The permanent job loss is an idea that has been around for some time. In the eighties and early nineties, there was a lot of doubt over our economies ability to recover from the departure of our manufacturing jobs. Then, starting in the mid to late nineties was the panic over e-commerce and dot.com companies destroying old economy jobs. The fact is, our economy is always changing and there will always be a permanent loss of jobs. That’s what happened when the US changed from an agricultural economy to an industrial one and from an industrial one to a technological one. Now it is happening again as we change from a mostly local economy to a very global one. In order to keep theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Economy Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Economy is the most dominant economy in the world and has been one that many countries have tried to replicate. Let’s take a look at how the American Economy is so dominant and why. There are many important numbers to bas e an economy off of, however, we are only going to look into some of the most vital numbers that really illustrate why the United States is the world’s leading economy. 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Can Critical Regionalism Counteract The Impact Of...

Can Critical Regionalism counteract the impact of Globalisation on our cities? In the era of constant networking and relaying of information, the world has become a much smaller place. The shrinking world has somewhat become a familiar spectacle of identical fads and lifestyles. At least in the developed countries, globalisation has given birth to homogenous consumer culture. Demonstrated not only by the expansion of multi-national cooperations such as Apple and Starbucks but also by the indistinct architecture. It is a common sighting in urban cities today to see the identical steel, concrete and glass structures. This occurrence might be innate due to the easy exportation of concepts and architects, however not obligatory. Whilst advancing towards a modern society, architects have adapted this â€Å"universal style† of architecture that fails to represent the unique topography of different cities. Architects have the choice to either â€Å"repeat the same building everywhere or to push ourselves forward, to create an encounter between ourselves and th e local culture† (Koolhaas, 2012). If the notion of Critical Regionalism were to be practiced by architects through the integration of the local culture with modern techniques, it could potentially return the missing identities of these cities. Critical Regionalism was devised during the early 20th century, as an attempt to reject the monotony developed by the International Style and the purposeless ornamentation utilised by

Human Resource Practice of Woolworths †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Practice of Woolworths. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is the practice to handle the human resource within an organisation and HR department tries to manage the employee performance towards the organisational strategic objectives. In addition, Conflict of interests is a very common issue in the business sector and both the public and private sector face this issue quite frequently. If the conflicts are not managed properly, the productivity of the organisation gets hampered. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) avers that the conflict between the organisational management and employees could inappropriately affect the performance of the official duties and responsibilities (Oecd.org 2017). This study will focus on a situation as stated above and questions related to this situation where conflict has arose in a real-world business situation. This study will delineate the conflict situation within the organisation and the eternal issue between employer and employees. The ethical and professional behaviour to defend this situation will also be discussed in this report. Selected Case Scenario Woolworths Supermarket is a famous Australian supermarket and it is owned by Woolworths Limited. Along with Coles, the retail giant Woolworths create a duopoly in the supermarket industry in Australia. Woolworths has more than 990 stores in all over the Australia and New Zealand. The stores sell vegetables, packaged fruits and foods, meat and necessary things like beauty products, magazines, household products and much more. Woolworths Supermarket started its journey in the year 1942 in South Wales and headquarter of the organisation is in Bella Vista New South Wales. The CEO of the organisation is David Banducci and revenue of the organisation touched 44 billion AUD in the year 2016 (Woolworths.com.au 2017). Woolworths provides special importance in supply chain management as, without the supply chain, the organisation will not manage the product flow in the retail stores. Supply chain management helps the supermarket in boosting the customers' services and it can reduce the operati on cost. Operation costs within retail can decrease purchasing cost and reduce production cost, it can also decrease in total supply chain costs. From the supply chain and warehouse, Woolworths has the benefits of protection of the products, protection of the goods from theft and climatic conditions. Woolworths stores the raw materials for future production and surplus products also stores in Warehouses. According to The Age news, on 9th August 2015, Woolworths faced the issues of workers strike over employees hire casualisation (Mentioned in the new article: https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/woolworths-laverton-workers-strike-over-labour-hire-casualisation-20150809-giv9au.html.) On 9th August, more than 200 striking workers had blocked the trucks from leaving and entering the warehouse at Leverton, in Melbournes west. Woolworths sells liquor also and it has a special department that manages the liquor distribution. The employees at Leverton at the liquor distribution centre started protesting at 4 am on Monday. The anger had been rising among the employees in Woolworths, related to labour hire casualisation in warehouse and supply chain (Theage.com.au 2015). On the last few days, a group of employees met with the management of Woolworths in order to solve the labour-hire casualisation as Woolworths used an external agency in order to hire the casual employees. The employee-group as ked the management to take the disciplinary actions in case of anyone involved in the illegal practice of external agency picket (Theage.com.au 2015). On the other side, Woolworths had been trying to seek the orders to break the picket and the organisational management had been delaying in putting the stop of the issues at the Fair Working Commissions. The employees had been very worried as the notice came from the external agency as a surprise to the employees and they could lose the employment all of a sudden. One of the employees from negotiation team averred that the National Union of Workers had already claimed the introduction of the labour-hire breaching an agreement in the year 2014. While talking with the Woolworths management, the spokesperson declared that external labour-hire firm had made partnership with Woolworths in order to recruit the casual labours. The Woolworths spokesperson had said that they were not going to put any changes in retention and recruitment policy. Moreover, the industrial action had been disappointing that time and Unions and Employees could not address the concerns. The picket had threatened th e labours of the Woolworths and the external agencies also put threat to stop supply of groceries and liquor also. The picket also made the situation worse by stating that more than 600 permanent labours could face the unemployment issues in Melbourne North. Woolworths did not check the situation correctly and the decision of stripping off more than 600 employees from the warehousing operation made the wound worse (Theage.com.au 2015). However, the spokesperson in Woolworths commented that Woolworths tried to invest more in the opening of new stores in Victoria and they shifted the employees in those stores. Interest of employees and business entity Woolworths employees had been protesting about the same issues for two years before the strike occurred and the group of employees tried to negotiate over the key employment problem in Collective Enterprise Agreement. The employees of Woolworths took the industrial stance in order to solve the issue of labour hire casualisation and the employees tried to find solution in a constructive way. That time, Woolworths had more than 197,000 registered staff members. The employees had interest in improving their conditions by striking on Monday and the employees had taken this step out of complete frustration. The casual warehouse employees of Woolworths took the step as they were just pushed into a corner and only one option left to walk off the job. Employees raised the issue of labour hire casualisation and the rights of casual employees to have the permanent positions within the orghanisation with contract. The employees also raised the issues of rates of pay for the casual workers and c onditions in which they had to work in Woolworths. As mentioned by Watson (2013), employees highlighted the ratios of use of casual workers in Woolworths and security in tenure of employment for the casual workers. The casual employees had been facing the issue regarding the lack of transparency in recruiting of the casual employees and the Woolworths management commitment towards the stable workforce. In case of some of the Australian organisations, the management tries to do 100% outsourcing in case of employees from the hiring agencies. The main elements of casualisation that provide benefits to the organisation are minimum wages, no fringe benefits for the hired labours, contract-based working, no job security and reduced payroll (Reddy et al. 2015). The employees do not have the longer services and they do not have long leave also. Woolworths took the casual workers as it provided profit to the organisation as the organisation did not need to give extra wages to the employees. Woolworths had found this casualisation of hired labour was one of the easy path and quick way to generate the revenue. According to Bourelle (2014), in Australian scenario, in the meat industry, this casualisation happens more and employees do not have any security in the job. Woolworths used the labour-hire arrangement s a triangular relationship with the employees as employees were hired as an employe e or by an independent agency (Miller 2014). This resulted that the employees are supplied by the third party and the security in a job depends on the willingness of the third party. In the warehouse of Leverton, the employees were continuously requesting to make them permanent and they were threatened to lose the job. Impact of conflicts on employees and business performance The conflicts between employees and business management always pose a negative impact on the business performance. As stated by Watson (2013), casualisation has always been an element of unemployment in Australia as the employers embraced this flexible option in business. In casual workforce, the employers can reduce manpower depends on workflow and the employers can also detain the employees if they want. In the business concept, JIT (Just in Time) approach can be taken as the business entity wants to provide goods in response to the demand and not in the apprehension of the demands (Toscano 2017). Therefore, Woolworths' management faced the challenge in keeping the employees as a permanent basis in warehouse sector and supply chain. The permanent workforce in idle time was not being a good option for Woolworths. This figure was same on that contemporary time as almost a quarter of all employees in Australian workforce reported being causal workforce (almost 23.2%) (Huang 2015). Whe n the employees had a strike on Monday, the production of that day got hampered as employees were frustrated. With the frustration of the employees, management of Woolworths took the decision to think over the matter. Woolworths had a set of rules and negative influence of the business had influenced the brand image. The stressed and worried employees did not put forward the productivity and business organisation had faced the mental health issue from the employees. The employees desired not to work effectively if their wishes and demands did not get fulfilled. The business objectives and productivity of the organisation got hampered for some days till the management provided a green signal to negotiate over the issues. It was difficult for the Woolworths to look forward without the management of supply chain and warehousing (Frederickson and Rohr 2015). On the other side, it was difficult for the employees to stop the work and responsibilities for a long time. The productivity and brand image of the organisation was in danger and the ethical business policy of the organisation had not been followed perfectly. At that time, growing use of casual labours was predominant and the Woolworths could have been provided certainty of for the casual labours. Role of HR managers In the Woolworths, HR department is very important as the human resources of the organisation are large in numbers. In minimising the conflict issues of the employees against the organisational management, HR department can play the role of negotiator. In this case of Woolworths, the HR department could not redesign the policy of the organisation; however, they could negotiate with the employees to bring out the solution. In pluralistic nature of organisational culture, the most of the critics viewed that conflict represents the dissimilarities of the organisations opinions (Klein et al. 2013). On that sitiation, the HR department could give a memo for show cause, suspend the concerned person, restrict his involvement in the official matter and curtail his scope for promotions. Since penalty is the first option for any company to handle a situation like this. It raises a threat to the other employees so that they are restricted from involving in any such conflicts of interest. Howeve r, in the grievance of the employees, HR department could understand the demands of the employees are valid or viable or not. The employees' demands could be incompatible with the organisational goals. As opined by Fawkes (2014), conflict resolution is all about the decision-making of particular case, HR department of Woolworths made understood the management the needs of the employees and their grievance. HR department could transfer the employees to another department or another location to curtail the relationship with the other employees in order to minimise the rage among emoloyees. HR department of the organisation might arrange a session with the affected employees to know about the exact reason for this type of conflict and the resultant behaviour and may try to dig down deep to know about the loopholes of their policies regarding code of conduct and code of ethics. As suggested by Carrese et al. (2015), HR department could also arrange a training session for the employees on a regular basis to remind them about the company's policies. In case of Woolworths strike of the employees, HR managers needed to conceptualise all the unequal outcomes of the casualisation of hire employees. In recruitment and selection of the employees, HR managers could stop using external agencies for hiring and they could themselves manage the recruitment process. Options available to HRM professional The HR department of Woolworths could arrange a session with the warehouse employees who were involved in the conflict of interests and must try to know the exact reason for such a behaviours and showed them organisational policy. According to the feedbacks of the employees, the HR department could try to change its code of conduct and code of business ethics. In this process, the HR department could set some guidelines to reduce the workplace conflicts. It must be having some already set code of conducts and ethics for all the employees. a) Starting new recruitment policy Woolworths HR managers could start new recruitment policy apart from the third party external recruitment and it might have pacified the employees. The employees of the Leverton needed the security that time and the HR managers could ensure that recruitment policy of the organisation would be changed and management was thinking about this. New recruitment policy would help the employees and HR managers themselves would arrange the recruitment and selection. b) Making permanent to employees The HR department could ensure all the employees in Leverton that they would be permanent in no time and HR department was talking with management in this note. The employees of Leverton in warehousing could stop the strike as the being permanent could solve the casualisation issue in the organisation. The management had to bear the extra wages for that matter, however, the sudden rage of the employees could be solved by ensuring the security in the job. c) Ensuring employee-friendly organisational policies Woolworths made the contract with the employees when they came to the organisation. HR department could make a new set of organisational policies that would ensure a permanent job, security in the workplace and right wages for the employees. This approach of the HR department in Woolworths could decrease the rage of the employees during the strike. Furthermore, the company could have changed some business strategies and ethics to avoid the similarity incidences with the rival company (Bourelle 2014). It is a challenging task and quite time to consume as well as involves financial investments. Best appropriate option in case of Woolworths In case of Woolworths in solving the strike issue, the HR department could ensure the job security for the casual contract employees with giving some fringe benefits. The employees were deprived as they were not treated as equal to permanent employees. Giving dignity to job security in the workplace could solve the issues for employees (Apsc.gov.au 2017). The HR department of Woolworths is always responsible for maintaining the professionalism and ethical behaviour among the employees. These help in developing effective workplace habits, which assist the employees and the organisation in the long run to improve the productivity. In Woolworths, the conflict of interest is a deviation from the workplace ethics and professionalism from the management. In these situations, the group or the individual acted according to their own interest and ignores the organisational interest. In addition, honesty, respect, fairness and responsibility towards the work and the organisation construct the business ethics. Woolworths could have adopted some formal rules and regulations and these are called the code of ethics. Conclusion It has been observed from the analysis that Woolworths had issues in casualisation of employees and they had malpractice in profit-making and wages of the employees. Conflict of interest is a big issue in any organisation and it could lead to a downfall in productivity and in the reputation of the organisation in the long run. Although in some cases, conflicts of interests have contributed in the generation of new ideas and direction for businesses, it has majorly affected some businesses also in terms of quality, corruption, unethical practices and reputation. Such behaviour creates a negative impact on the work culture of the organisation. However, the HR managers could change the organisational policy by ensuring the job security to the employees. References Apsc.gov.au, 2017.In whose interests?: Preventing and managing conflicts of interest in the APS - APSC. Apsc.gov.au. Available at: https://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/in-whose-interest [Accessed on 14 Nov. 2017]. Bourelle, T., 2014. New perspectives on the technical communication internship: Professionalism in the workplace.Journal of Technical Writing and Communication,44(2), pp.171-189. Carrese, J.A., Malek, J., Watson, K., Lehmann, L.S., Green, M.J., McCullough, L.B., Geller, G., Braddock III, C.H. and Doukas, D.J., 2015. The essential role of medical ethics education in achieving professionalism: the Romanell Report.Academic Medicine,90(6), pp.744-752. Fawkes, J., 2014.Public relations ethics and professionalism: The shadow of excellence. Routledge. Frederickson, H.G. and Rohr, J.A., 2015.Ethics and public administration. Routledge. Huang, P.H., 2015. How improving decision-making and mindfulness can improve legal ethics and professionalism.JL Bus. Ethics,21, p.35. Klein, P.G., Mahoney, J.T., McGahan, A.M. and Pitelis, C.N., 2013. Capabilities and strategic entrepreneurship in public organizations.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,7(1), pp.70-91. Luce, E.A., 2015. Conflicts of interest. Miller, S., 2014. Trust, Conflicts of Interest, and Fiduciary Duties: Ethical Issues in the Financial Planning Industry in Australia.Capital Failure: Rebuilding Trust in Financial Services, p.305. OECD, 2014.Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service. oecd.org. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/48994419.pdf [Accessed on 14 Nov. 2017]. Reddy, A.A., Rani, C. and Reddy, G.P., 2015. Labour scarcity and farm mechanisation: A cross state comparison. International Journal of Management, 3(4), pp.45-67 Toscano, N. 2017. Woolies workers strike over labour hire casualisation. The Age. Available at: https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/woolworths-laverton-workers-strike-over-labour-hire-casualisation-20150809-giv9au.html [Accessed on 15 Nov. 2017]. Watson, I., 2013. Bridges or traps? Casualisation and labour market transitions in Australia.Journal of Industrial Relations,55(1), pp.6-37. Woolworths.com.au. 2017. Woolworth Supermarket Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed on 15 Nov. 2017].

What Was the Renaissance Like Essay Example For Students

What Was the Renaissance Like Essay The term Renaissance is from the same French word, meaning rebirth. It comes from the Italian Reenactments, Re meaning again and nascence meaning be born. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages (Tuscany) and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Its influence affected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual enquiry. As a cultural movement, the Renaissance period encompassed a rebellion of lassie-based learning, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. Traditionally, this intellectual transformation has resulted in the Renaissance being viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo dad Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term Renaissance man. We will write a custom essay on What Was the Renaissance Like specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The leading intellectual trait of the era was the recovery, to a certain degree, of the secular and humane philosophy of Greece and Rome. Another humanist trend which cannot be ignored was the rebirth of individualism, which, developed by Greece and Rome to a remarkable degree, had been suppressed by the rise of a caste system in the later Roman Empire, by the Church and by feudalism in the Middle Ages. Medieval Christianity restricted individual expression, fostered self-abnegation and self-annihilation, and demented implicit faith and unquestioning obedience. Furthermore, the Church officially ignored man and nature. Http://www. Timpani. Com/renaissance. HTML Literature (characteristics): Emphasis on classical studies in the expanding universities. -Increasing literacy among the laity. -Learning increased rapidly. -New schools were founded throughout Britain, in rural villages as well as cities. -Growth of a critical, skeptical type of scholarship, leading to scientific inquiry. -Increasing trade leads to individual wealth, general prosperity, nationalism, and materialism. -Gradual movement from unquestioned religious beliefs toward a more human- centered philosophy. Emphasis on human potential, not Gods power, believing ones role in life should be action, not religious contemplation. Language: English had triumph over French as the spoken language. It became the language of scholarship, replacing Latin, and the language of theology. It had no bounds to its development. As regards vocabulary, much growth came from the learned words borrow ed from Latin and Greek, but explorers and overseas tradesmen brought an influx of words from many foreign languages. New words were invented daily. Spelling was erratic. In pronunciation, many words were stressed on different syllables from the ones currently emphasized. Changes in grammatical elements: -Pronouns: ye was replaced by you. -Verbs: the endings the changed to s. . Explain how the Philosophy of Humanism differs from the ideals held during the Middle English Period. Humanism is a system of thought that considers that solving human problems with the help of reason is more important than religious beliefs. It emphasizes the fact that the basic nature of humans is good. It is secular-minded religion is no longer the orientation. Humanism was not a philosophy per SE, but rather a method of learning. In contrast to the medieval scholastic method, which focused on resolving contradictions between authors, humanists would study ancient texts in the original, typically Ritter in Latin or ancient Greek, and appraise them through a combination of reasoning and empirical evidence. A) Mention the key representatives among Humanists writers -Sir Thomas More: he was a humanist and lawyer, the first layman to become Chancellor. Best known for his work Utopia (no place or good place), which tells of an ideal state with the truly representative government. It was written in Latin, addressing to all scholars in Europe (names were in Greek). He describes his ideas of a perfect society. His work gave rise to the Utopian literature (new genre), presented as an ideal of perfection. Tyndale: was the first translator of the Renaissance, a defender of the faith who creates new words that didnt exist in English. His work as a translator was opposed in England and he was forced to live in Germany, where he produced the first English version of the Bible between 1525 and 1531 King James: made the first authorized version of the Bible. He used an archaic language so as to sound formal, show respect, and create a more distant atmosphere. It was a collected work of all the previous translations. Sir Thomas Eliot: with The book named the Governor -Protestant/Anglican: Tyndale, Coverall Protestant/Calvinist: Geneva Bible -Catholic: Today Bible b) Focus on Thomas More and explain why his Utopia is a Renaissance literary work Sir Thomas Meres most famous work is essentially a dialogue between More, and an imaginary character Raphael Hathaway. In the conversation between the two men, More learns that Hathaway is a traveler who has been all over the world with America Vesuvius and had been left to explore the island of Utopia (nowhere). Hathaway explains how life in England has many evils in society in all aspects of life from political to social aspects. He then explains how the people of Utopia handled Hess everyday problems to make it the perfect nation. Sir Thomas Meres Utopia is a satire the name Raphael Hathaway meaner dispenser of nonsense-. The book also makes fun at many aspects of society in England during the time period such as the severity of criminal law and the growing luxury of the wealthy class at the expense of the poor classs life of increased hardship. More can successfully accomplish the feat of criticizing the government because the character that is making the critical analysis of England is made up. By using this technique in Utopia, More can publicize his own thoughts on the nation thou being called out for treason to the crown. 3. Focus on the Sonnet Sonnet: short song, a lyrical poem in 14 lines. ) How does the Patriarchal sonnet compare to the Elizabethan sonnet? Patriarch wrote sonnets that consider love in an early renaissance sense; that is, they idealism the beloved lady, and they focus on the divine qualities she possesses, while lamenting the pain the speaker feels in not being with her. Each sonnet of fourteen lines considers one proposition in the opening octave of eight lines, and then considers the reverse or opposing view in the final sestets, or six lines. The switch from one view to its opposite is called the Volta. Shakespeare wrote sonnets in a much later period, and pokes fun at the idea that his beloved lady could possibly represent divine beauty. In addition, he took the English form of the sonnet, developed by the Earl of Surrey and Thomas Wyatt, which included a final rhyming pair of lines, called a rhyming couplet. Shakespeare then pursued the same proposition throughout the entire sonnet until the very end, often pushing the Volta to the final couplet. -Structure of the Sonnet Patriarchal sonnet: -Each line has 5 feet consisting of either one unstressed syllable followed by en stressed syllable (iambic pentameter). .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .postImageUrl , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:hover , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:visited , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:active { border:0!important; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:active , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Roaring Girl Essay QuestionsEach line has 10 syllables in all. -The poem is divided into two parts: the octave (8 lines divided in two groups of 4 lines) and the sestets (6 lines divided in two groups of 3 lines). -Between the octave and the sestets two main ideas are compared Octave: presentation, problem, argument, question. Sestets: solution, conclusion, answer. Or balance -The rhyme scheme at the end of each line of the octave is: baobab; the sestets often varies, CDC or ceded. Elizabethan, Shakespearean or English sonnet: -Each line is in iambic pentameter. The poem is divided into four parts: 3 quatrains (4 lines each) and a final couplet (2 lines). -The rhyme scheme is usually: ABA CDC fee / egg Shakespeare. ABA Bcc CDC / e Spencer. Http://suites 01 . Com/article/differences-between-the-patriarchal-and-the- Shakespearean-sonnet-a374838 b) Why can sonnets be equated to miniatures? C) Which is the function performed by the rhyming couplet in 16th century sonnets? The 6th-century sonnets were written to display the great cleverness, sophistication, and skill of the poet. Generally speaking, sonnets were more self- centered than their love rhetoric might initially suggest. Although they often purport to express private emotions from the poet to a beloved, they were usually meant not for private communication, but for public consumption amongst a circle of Courtly readers. In other words, they were written to impress others rather than to convey genuine emotion. The great majority of 16th-century sonnets were written to explore unrequited romantic love. It was assumed that the speaker would be a besotted man and the beloved a resistant, disdainful, or otherwise unavailable woman. The speaker spends much of his time trying to persuade the beloved to sleep with him. Patriarch developed a number of conventions for describing loves varied pleasures and torments and the beauty of the beloved. Sonnets abound in wordplay: puns, double-entendre, multiple meanings, and clever figures of speech. The most common figures of speech used in 16th-century sonnets include the conceit, the blazon, and personification. Http://www. Lima. Ohio-state. Du/debarks/sonnet. HTML d) Which are the current themes in sonnets? Compare Patriarchal themes to Shakespearean themes. Courtly love: love as pain (unrequited); love as a labyrinth; love as passion stronger than will; loves as chains you cannot escape. Art. -Time: poetry could stop the passage of time preserve a particular moment. -Death. -Historical figures -Love at first sight, obsessive yearning and loveliness, frustration, love as parallel to feudal service; Patriarchal themes: The lady as ideally beautiful, ideally virtuous, m iraculous, beloved in heaven, and destined to early death; Love as virtue, love as idolatry, love as sensuality; The god of love with his arrows, fires, whips, chains; War within the self- hope, fear, Joy, sorrow. Conceits, wit, urbane cleverness; disputations and scholastic precision; Allegory, personification; Wooing, exhortation, outcry; Praise, blame; self-examination, Self-accusation, self-defense; Repentance and the farewell to love. Shakespeare themes: One interpretation is that Shakespearean sonnets are in part a pastiche or parody of the three-centuries-old tradition of Patriarchal love sonnets; Shakespeare consciously inverts conventional gender roles as delineated in Patriarchal sonnets to create a more complex and potentially troubling depiction of human love. He also violated many sonnet rules, which had been strictly obeyed by his fellow poets: he plays with gender roles, he speaks on human evils that do not eve to do with love, he comments on political events, he makes fun of love, he speaks openly about sex, he parodies beauty, and even introduces witty pornography e) Account for the main contributions made by renaissance consenters: Wyatt, Surrey, Lily, Sidney and Spencer. To do so, focus in the themes these consenters privilege and the main devices they employ. Provide 2 examples of their poetry. ** Wyatt: Betrayal is a prevalent theme in Watts work. Typically, the narrator is the wronged person and the poem serves to expose betrayals involving affairs of the heart along with political and social treachery. In Watts work, the fickle nature of women can rear its head at any time and a courtier could be given the cold shoulder on the whim of the king especially true in Henry Vics time. For example, in They Flee From Me, the narrator details being forsaken both by a woman he loved and by acquaintances who once sought his guidance. Watts narrators experience lash out from the pain but also dejectedly accept their position. In My Heart I Gave Thee, the narrator realizes that to pursue the one who wronged him is pointless. Still, the betrayed are not without their cutting words and extreme motions. Lug! My Fair Falcon, believed to have been written during Watts imprisonment, contains vivid imagery (like lice away from dead bodies they crawl) to illustrate the cruelty of betrayal. Even God abandons him. He follows Patriarchal theme of courtly love ** Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey The tight rhyme scheme is not Surreys only sonic device: theres plenty of alliteration, too. Brittle beauty, tickle treasure, slipper in sliding, Jewel of Jeopardy are among the most noticeable examples, but almost every line makes use of the device to some degree. Influenced by Wyatt, he popularizes English form of sonnet while adding the theme of nature. He did much to establish the tradition of courtly concerned with arts and letters. He translated the Amended, making first use of blank verse (unrushed iambic pentameter). ** Jo hn Lily He is best known for Pushes (puppyish style) which has trivial and twisted plots but was read for its alliterative style and extravagant language. He is involved in the writing of Drama. He takes his imagery from classical learning. There are classical allusions, symmetry, parallelism, alliteration. People loved it so much that he wrote a second part of Pushes. * Sir Philip Sidney He was the first English literary critic. He argues that poetry has the function of both teaching and delighting. The great end of learning is the living of a virtuous life, and the inspired poet can lead readers to the highest truths. Prose: -Arcadia: as Lily, he uses the prose for ornamental use and has a twisted plot. Device used: pathetic fallacy, beyond personification. .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .postImageUrl , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:hover , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:visited , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:active { border:0!important; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:active , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HISTORY TEST EssayHe gives inanimate objects willing and feelings of their own. He uses imagery from nature sounds more fresh. Poetry: -Catastrophes and Stella: first sequence of related sonnets in English. Catastrophes (star lover) Stella (star) *Edmund Spencer: He was the first important modern English poet. His poetry continues in the allegorical verse tradition of the Middle Ages. His allegories, however, were much more complex than previous ones on three levels: moral, historical, and personal. Allegories were suggested by the characters names: Vanity, Queen of Pride, Gluttony. Readers should be alert to the multilevel meaning of each character. Spencer divides a nine line stanza, rhyming Babcock, now known as the Spenserian stanza. The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter, the last is an Alexandrine (iambic hexameter). Faerie Queen: culmination of allegorical tradition. It brings together history, folklore, patriotism, political thought, humanism, Protestant idealism, epic and romance, etc. Amaretto: a sonnet sequence f) Analyses The Hind by Wyatt and the sonnet that begins Since brass, nor stone By Shakespeare. The Hind by Wyatt Wyatt uses the sonnet form, which he introduced to England from the work of Patriarch. The Patriarchal sonnet typically has 14 lines. The first 8 lines, or octet, introduce a problem or issue for contemplation and the remaining six lines, or sestets, offers a resolution or an opinion. Wyatt uses iambic manometer. This meaner that there are five pairs of syllables, each with the stress on the second syllable. It is the most common rhythm used in traditional poetry and was used by Shakespeare in his sonnets, poems and plays. Iambic pentameter, though a regular rhythm, was thought to be closest to ordinary speech patterns, so it is an attempt to imitate but also elevate the sounds of everyday conversation. By opening the poem with a question, the narrator challenges the reader. There is an invitation in his words, and the use of an exclamation mark at the end of the first line implies excitement at the idea. As hunting was a popular pastime in the court of Henry VIII, this suggests a poem along the lines of Henry Vics own most famous lyric, Pastime With Good Company. However, problem within the octet is revealed in line 2 as the poet tells us that he is no longer part of the hunt. An exclamation mark is used in line 2, again to emphasize emotion, but this time frustration and regret. This is a passionate yet contradictory introduction. Line 3 makes use of assonance to reveal the poets earlier hunting efforts as Vain travail which has tired him out to the point of physical pain. We can see that the memo is an extended metaphor for the end of a relationship. The metaphor is an excellent choice in terms of the Tudor court and the possible situation to which it is attributed. The poet is now at the tail end of the pursuit, although, he says in line 5 that his mind has not deviated from the hunt. Wyatt makes use of enjambment (breaking a phrase over more than one line of verse) and caesura (concluding a phrase within the first half of a line of verse) across lines six and seven to highlight the discord represented by the end of the relationship as he subverts and challenges his own chosen structure. In line 8, the poet uses the concluding line of the octet to stress the futility of his former quest. He uses the metaphor of catching the wind in a net to emphasize the pointlessness of his chase. The final sestets begins with line 9 reiterating the appeal to those who wish to join the hunt, but he continues in to line 10 to explain that the pursuit will be in vain for them too. Again there is an exclamation mark to indicate an intensity of feeling. Line 11 continues the extended metaphor as an explanation of why his hunt of this hind, and that of others who pursue her, is so pointless. She has a bejewel collar, indicating she already has an owner. Her collar is adorned with the Latin phrase Noel Me teenager meaning touch me not. This expression refers to a phrase spoken by Jesus to Mary Magdalene in the Bible. The design also includes the name of her owner for Careers I am. If we identify the poem as referring to Anne Volley, then her new owner would be King Henry VIII; the pair were married around the time when this poem was composed and Wyatt could no longer compete for her affections. By describing Henry using the allusion of Caesar, Wyatt bestows on his monarch the qualities of a reputation of greatness and incisive rule. Caesar was, like Henry, a leader early in late teens, a handsome and strong young man and was significant in the political and aesthetic changes and developments of his realm. Both were literate, charismatic and influential. However, other less favorable parallels can be drawn. Both Caesar and Henry VIII incurred huge debt during their respective offices. There were many subjects who were held captive, sometimes executed, on charges of treason. Caesar faced questions regarding his sexuality and his unsuitable choices of women. Wyatt may also be alluding to these less appealing aspects of Caesar in his comparison if we see the suasion in the poem to be borne of frustration and anger. Http://www. Graveside. Mom/collected-poems-of-sir-Thomas-Wyatt/study- guide/sections/ Sonnet 64 discusses the lofty towers I see down-razed, the brass which is eternal slave to mortal rage, or a victim to war, and the destruction of the kingdom of the shore by the hungry ocean. Here again, brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea can escape the ravages of time. Line 3 asks, How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea, characterizing beauty as the plaintiff in a legal dis pute. Time is thus characterized as an unfair warrant, against which delicate beauty stands no chance in court. The legal terminology is continued in the following line with the use of the word action. The idea of times rage links Sonnet 65 to the previous sonnet. In Sonnet 64, brass is described as an eternal slave to mortal rage. The term rage in association with time is also seen in Sonnet 13, which refers to the barren rage of deaths eternal cold. Lines 6-8 present a metaphor of the seizure of a city, which would be the final destruction of war. In line 6, the wrathful siege of battering days, refers to ruin and

Early Action vs. Early Decision Whats the Difference

Early Action vs. Early Decision What's the Difference SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Would you like tofinalize yourcollege plans as soonas possible?If early notificationsounds good to you, then you might want to apply early action (EA) orearly decision (ED). Before choosing one of these admissions plans, you shouldthoroughly understand what itentails and consider all the important factors. This guide will weigh the options ofearly action vs.early decision, along with advice for choosing the best plan for you. To begin, let's review what you need to know about applying early action. What is Early Action? Early action has, like its name indicates, an early deadline. Under early action, you both apply earlier than the regular deadline and find out earlier if you've been accepted. The most common EA deadline is November 1, with November 15 as a close runner up. Most colleges send out notifications to early action candidates in mid-December, so you should have your response before the end of the calendar year. This winter notification is a whole lot sooner than regular notification, which is usually in April.You might be accepted, denied, or deferred to the regular applicant pool andconsidered again in February or March. For the most part, you can apply to as many schools as you want early action. There are a few exceptions to this rule, though. Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, and Yale, for instance, all have restrictive or single choice early action. Restrictive EA means you can only apply to that one school early. You can later apply wherever else you want regular decision. Regardless of whether your school has restrictive or non-restrictive early action, you aren't obligated to attend the school if accepted, nor do you have to respond to an offer any earlier than usual. You still have until the national response deadline of May 1 to decide where to enroll. This policy gives you the opportunity to compare admissions offers, as well as financial aid packages, from all the schools on your list before choosing one. This policy is the main difference between early action and early decision. While applying early action isn't binding, early decision is. Applying ED means that if you get accepted, you will enroll in the school. What is Early Decision? You can only apply to one school early decision. The reason for this is that early decision means you're making a binding agreement to enroll in that school if you get accepted. This contractwill be part of your application and will require a signature from your parents and school counselor, as well as from you. Typically, early decision deadlines match early action deadlines. You may apply by November 1 and hear back in mid-December. If accepted, you'll agree to enroll and send in your deposit within about a month. Like with early action, you could be accepted, denied, or deferred (in which case, you're no longer held to the binding agreement). Some schools also offer Early Decision II, which is also binding but has a later deadline. Early Decision II deadlines are usually in January, and you'll hear back in February. With both ED I and ED II, you'll be obligated to send in a deposit monthsbefore the national response date of May 1st if you get accepted to your school of choice. Early decision is a good option for students who want to make their college plans early and know exactly what school they want to attend. If you've done your research and are 100% sure about a college, then applying EDsignals your enthusiasm to the admissions committee. Most schools only offer one or the other when it comes to early action and early decision. Let's take a look at some popular schools with early admission plans and their deadlines. Popular Schools withEarly Action Some popular schools that offer early action, in addition to their regular decision deadline, include, Boston College CalTech Georgetown Harvard MIT Princeton Stanford University of Chicago University of Michigan UNC Chapel Hill University of Notre Dame University of Virginia Villanova Yale All of these schools have an EA deadline of November 1, with one exception. UNC Chapel Hill has an even earlier EA deadline of October 15. Of these schools, Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Stanford, and the University of Notre Dame have single choice early action. Again, this restrictive EA means you can only apply early to that one school. The other schools on the list don't have that restriction. Below aresome well knownschools thatoffer Early Decision deadlines. Popular Schools with Early Decision Popular schools with early decision deadlines in November include, Brown Cornell Dartmouth Duke Johns Hopkins Northwestern University of Pennsylvania All of these schools have November 1 deadlines except for Johns Hopkins with an ED deadline of November 2.As mentioned above, some schools offer both Early Decision I and Early Decision II, both binding but with different deadlines. The following schools offer both the early and later Early Decision deadline. School Deadline for ED I Deadline for ED II American University November 15 January 15 Boston University November 1 January 4 Bowdoin November 15 January 1 Brandeis November 1 January 1 Colby November 15 January 1 Pomona November 1 January 1 Smith November 15 January 1 Tufts November 1 January 1 Vanderbilt November 1 January 1 Wesleyan November 15 January 15 As you can see, the ED II deadlines resemble regular decision deadlines. Instead of having to wait until April to hear back, though, youshouldbe notified inFebruary. If you're accepted, you'll be expected to send your deposit shortly thereafter. Now that you know how early action and early decision work and which schools offer them, let's talk about the advantages of each plan. Starting fromthe colleges' perspectives, what's the point of offering early deadlines? Why Do Colleges Offer Early Action orEarly Decision? There are a few reasons that early admissions appearto benefit colleges. One is that students who apply early tend to be particularly competitive. Those students who are prepared to apply inNovember to these often selective schools are oftenthe most qualified candidates. A few years ago, Harvard and the University of Virginia eliminated early admissions, claiming that it unfairly advantaged wealthier students with more "cultural capital" and greater college counseling resources. When other schools didn't follow suit, both schools reversed their decision and reintroduced early action, saying that they found that students from all backgrounds desired an early option. Practically speaking, they probably also found that they were missing out on some of the most qualified applicants, who just ended up applying elsewhere. Another reason that schools may benefit from early admissions is that it gives them a more accurate sense of their "yield." In other words, they can more accurately predict how many students will accept offers of admission, since early candidates are more likely to enroll (and ED applicants are pretty much certain to enroll). Being able to more accurately predict their numbers may be a reason that some schools offer both Early Decision I and Early Decision II. Finally, a third reason that schools benefit from early admissions is that it allows them to space out their review of applications over a longer period of time. For schools with limited staff and resources, spacing out the process is more feasible than reviewing all applications in one hectic review season. While these are some of the reasons that schools benefit from early deadlines, what are the advantages for you as an applicant? What Are the Advantages of Applying Early? One common idea around early admissions is that early applicants have a better chance of getting in. Is this true? Are you more likely to get accepted if you apply early? Unfortunately, there's no black and white answer for this. There are some compelling reasons to think that applying early does boost your chances. For instance, data shows that a higher percentage of early candidates get accepted than regular candidates. In this past year, for instance, Harvard increased its early action acceptance rate from 6% to 17%. Applying early action, and especially early decision, may also signal to admissions committees how committed to and excited abouta school you are, thereby making an impression in your favor. However, these reasons don't mean you should automatically apply early. The fact that a greater percentage of early applicants are accepted may largely reflect their own merits. It may be that the most qualified candidates apply early, while the pool of regular applicants include those forwhomthe college is a reach. Most students don't apply early to a school if their grades and scores aren't at least on target with the school's expectations. Ultimately, applying early can be a great option if you're prepared to do so, but whatever advantage there iswon't make lowgrades or test scores look any higher than they are. It's not advisable to rush your application or to apply to a school where your academic profile is weaker than that of the average accepted student. Your first priority should be sending the strongest application you can, whether that's in November or January. If you have decided that applying early is a good match with your college plans, which of the two options should you choose, early action or early decision? Which Should You Choose? Early Action vs. Early Decision In most cases, a college will only offer one or the other. Depending on the schools you're interested in, they might essentially make the choice between early action and early decision for you. If you do have a choice, the most important factor to consider is whether or not you're 100% sure you want to attend a school. Before making the commitment of early decision, you should research and visit the school, as well as talk to students who go there about their experience. If you've reached this point of certainty, then early decision couldmake sense for you. You also may consider financial aid as you decide between early action and early decision. With early decision, you agree to enroll regardless of the financial aid package you get. With early action, you still have until May 1 to compare different financial aid packages. This is one major reason early decision isn't a feasible or accessible option for everyone. Make sure you understand your colleges' application policies and any restrictions they place on your applications to other schools. If you're applying to Harvard early action, for example, you can't apply early action anywhere else. Keep track of all your deadlines, and keep preparing for any regular applications you plan to send in case your early application doesn't get accepted. You can still be putting together strong regular decision applications should you get denied, deferred, or decide to apply elsewhere. If you're applying to meet a deadline in November, you want to work on your application materials throughout junior year and the summer. Your SAT or ACT scores, recommendation letters, and personal essay require several months to a year of planning and preparation. You can check out this guide for a more detailed timeline, as well as the full lists ofdeadlines or early action and early decision schools. More Resources for College Planning What College Should You Go To? How to Choose a College How to Request a Letter of Recommendation: Complete Guide How Long Should You Study for the SAT? 6 Step Guide How Long Should You Study for the ACT? 6 Step Guide How to Write About Extracurriculars on Your College Application Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How to Take Good Biology Notes

How to Take Good Biology Notes One key to succeeding in biology is having good note-taking skills. It is not enough to just come to class and listen to the instructor. You must be able to take accurate, detailed notes in order to perform well on exams. In fact, most instructors use their lecture notes to come up with at least half, if not more, of their biology exam questions. Below are some good biology note-taking tips that are sure to help you learn how to take biology notes. Follow the Guidelines Some instructors provide course or lecture guidelines. Study these guidelines before class so you will be familiar with the material. Read any assigned materials before class as well. If you know what is going to be discussed beforehand, you will be better prepared to take notes. Get the Main Points An important key ​to success in biology note taking is the ability to focus on and write down the main points. Dont try to write down everything your instructor says, word for word. Its also a good idea to copy down anything the instructor writes on the chalkboard or overhead. This includes drawings, diagrams, or examples. Record the Lecture Many students find it difficult to take good biology notes because some instructors present information very quickly. In this case, ask the instructor for permission to record the lecture. Most instructors dont mind, but in case your instructor says no, you will have to practice taking notes quickly. Ask a friend to read an article quickly while you take notes. Review your notes to see if they are accurate and detailed. Leave Some Space When taking notes, be sure that you have enough space so that you can decipher what you have written. There is nothing more frustrating than having a page full of cramped, illegible notes. You will also want to be sure that you leave extra space in case you need to add more information later. Textbook Highlighting Many students find it useful to highlight information in textbooks. When highlighting, be sure to only highlight specific phrases or keywords. If you highlight every sentence, it will be difficult for you to identify the specific points that you need to focus on. Ensure Accuracy An effective way to ensure that the notes you have taken are accurate is to compare them with the information in your biology text. In addition, speak with the instructor directly and ask for feedback on your notes. Comparing notes with a classmate can also help you to capture the information you may have missed. Reorganize Your Notes Reorganizing your notes serves two purposes. It allows you to rewrite your notes in a format that helps you understand them more clearly, and it helps you to review the material you have written. Review Your Notes Once you have reorganized your biology notes, be sure to review them before the end of the day. Be certain that you know the main points and write a summary of the information. Reviewing your notes is also advantageous when preparing for a biology lab. Prepare For Biology Exams Your biology note-taking skills are essential for preparing for biology exams. You will find that if you follow the instructions above, most of the work in preparing for the exams will have already been done.

Impact of Fatherhood and Motherhood on Organizational Careers Essay

Impact of Fatherhood and Motherhood on Organizational Careers - Essay Example It should be also noted that the development of a standard rule in regard to the potentials of individuals, both males and females, with children to fight for their employment rights is not possible. In fact, the review of the literature related to this subject has revealed that the impact of fatherhood and motherhood on work and organizational career is significant, an issue that needs to be taken into consideration by governors and legislators worldwide. 2. Fatherhood and motherhood as factors influencing work and organizational careers in the early 21st century. In the workplace, fathers and mothers have the potential to use certain advantages, as set by the law for the particular category of employees Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb (2012) refer to the parental leave scheme, a scheme that allows fathers, as also mothers, to be far from work for a particular period of time in order to take care of their children (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). ...This means that the use of paternal leave can help mothers ‘to increase their contribution in the family’s expenses, a fact that would highly benefit their self-respect and confidence (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). Reference can be also made to the findings of another survey, also included in the study of Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb (2012). In the context of the above survey Scandinavian parents were asked to state their view in regard to their preferable mode of family - expenses sharing by parents (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). A high percentage, 63%, of the participants responded that they would prefer that the family expenses would be covered equally by both parents (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). In any case, since the high majority of fathers is paid more than mothers, fathers are more likely to contribute at a higher percentage in family expenses (Ranson 2011). Miller (2010) highlights another issue. Because employment policies are different in each country, according to the loc al ethics and culture, it is quite difficult to identify a strategy that could highly promote the power of mothers and fathers in the workplace and that would be applicable in all organizations that have similar characteristics (Miller 2010, p.13). In this context, the potential identification of an effective strategy for helping fathers in the workplace would not affect the status of fathers in other organizations, who have different conditions and challenges to face (Miller 2010, p.13). The lack of an integrate policy for supporting fatherhood in the workplace is related primarily to the different political systems and interests in each country.

Supermercados Disco Joining Up with Royal Ahold Case Study

Supermercados Disco Joining Up with Royal Ahold - Case Study Example It is also a growing market. The countries in consideration in Latin America are Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. These countries have fairly stable governments and political environment and it is possible to do business here on long term basis although the economic and geographical conditions vary from country to country. The immediate problem is future strategy. It is the course of action needed to increase profitability and market penetration in Latin America. There are several options before Supermercados Disco. However, the main options are whether the company should choose to go ahead with a joint venture with Royal Ahold or continue independently. Other than this problem, there are choices to do with pestel analysis. There was strong economic growth in the 1990s, making it vital for the political dispensation to frame policies to maintain the growth curve. Economic prosperity made it imperative for political factors to go along with economic parameters and shun despotic influences. Argentina and Brazil became the favored destinations for retailers in the 1990s. Argentina was favored because of its wealth and Brazil because of its purchasing power due to its large middle class population. Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela were roughly equal in terms of disposable income, but they had unequal distribution of wealth excluding up to 40% of these countries' populations from normal consumer activity. The region was projected to growth continually in the ensuing decades producing increase in the size of the working population. Due to foreign investments, there was also the fact that cities would grow disproportionately in size and wealth improving communications and infrastructure. These changes were bound to favor retailers. State-owned enterprises were thrown open for privatization. Most of the steel mills, chemical, petrochemical, shipping and aircraft companies were sold to private parties. Price controls were lifted in 1993. In Chile, tariffs were cut down from 75% in 1975 to just 11% currently. Social factors Improving economic conditions had an effect on social factors. In the six largest countries of Latin America viz. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Mexico, and Venezuela, the population was over 80% urban. Brazil faced the biggest social problems due to poverty and lack of education. The country had to resort to credit schemes to allow poorer members of society to buy consumer durables, food and clothing. Brazil has the sixth largest population in the world. Hence, although Brazil has good middle class population, she has her share of poverty problems. Other than the Brazil factor, social factors in other Latin American countries showed improvement financially. People had money to buy what they needed. Technological factors Attraction of foreign investment

Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Essay Example for Free

Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Essay In the present developing and modern day world, consumerism has dominated all the aspects of life. The life in the society follows the pattern of the capitalist culture where the human values have a different measure, ‘you are known by what you have not by what you are’. This naturally leads to the life in a society where everyone wants to have a unique place in the society, by possessing the things which sets them apart from the rest of people in the society. In present society and living way, the Brands not only represent the symbol of the company or product but to a larger extent define the general life of a person. What the person uses can reflect his taste of life, his status in the society, his economic background and many other things. This makes a deep connection between the company and its brand, with the consumer. In this two way relation both are dependent on each other for various different reasons. In today’s time customers are very deeply connected to the brands. When they purchase any product like a car, mobile, items of daily need, brand name influence the consumer’s choice. Some customers purchase the specific branded things just due to the brand name. Customers believe that brand name is a symbol of quality. I found this interesting and wanted to find out whether brand name influences the consumer choice when they go for purchasing any product. I chose to for the specific product because  this is one of the products which got my attention because of many reasons. Initially the car production was dominated by few companies and one or two countries. With the time, the market started to grow and once considered to be luxurious commodity, cars became a need  rather than a choice. This increased the demand and with that many more  companies entered the arena to have their share of profit and exploit the growing market. This made the companies to put more efforts and money to creating brand awareness of their product. With the Huge sum of money and effort invested by the companies to create the awareness of their brand in the market, many questions arise; does this really affect the purchasing decision  of the customer? Does the brand awareness somehow influence the sale of the product? Etc. On the basis of these questions, I formulated my problem as follows: The purpose of this thesis is to create deeper consideration of what influence a brand name can have, when people go for purchasing, choose the products between different brands in automobile industry. Further I want to identify, if there is a connection between brands and the consumer decision making process. I conducted this study based on theories and surveys. I analyzed the result of the survey in order to be able to draw conclusions and find answers to my problem. I came to the conclusion that when consumer purchases a car, brand names influence his choice. Customers choose the well known branded car among other brands which are new or not so known. The study shows that branded cars have a great place in consumer mind, when customers go for purchasing a car, they prefer to purchase a well known branded car. Customers do not want to try new or unknown branded cars because they have no much information about the  lesser known brand. Usually, people purchase well known branded cars because they might have heard before about brands or they have some information about them from other sources. This makes customer feel more comfortable during the time of decision making as they are not so confident about the knowledge they have gathered about the other brands. The consumers are very conscious about branded and unbranded cars because they have the view that branded cars are more reliable than unbranded car. This study also explains that customers trust the branded cars’ quality. Before purchasing a car people do not consider the lesser known brand car, as people are very attached to some specific brands. Some people are loyal to specific brands, over time they want to purchase the same branded car because the specific brand has satisfied the customer’s needs and in turn has gained the trust in the brand name. I feel that the purpose of this study has been fulfilled to some extant. The theory describe that brand name has a power, which attracts the customers towards branded products. The reason  is that customer gets special connection with specific brands product and become the loyal with brand.

Open Theism vs. Closed Theism :: Essays Papers

Open Theism vs. Closed Theism This topic is one that has had my curiosity piqued for the last few years and is one I have made a point of discussing with many people over the course of that time. I have heard many different viewpoints, some who have been adamant for God's omniscience and knowledge of the future and others who have presented compelling arguments for free will. Most, however are of a third category who have come to grips with the fact that our mere brains cannot understand the workings of God and are content to wait for an answer until they are able to ask them themselves if/when they get to Heaven. I myself hold this latter idea to be a good fallback, but am restless in my pursuit for an answer. For neither the deterministic nor the liberalist perspective seem to have me convinced for it seems to me like both of these beliefs leave you in a dire catch-22: if you insist on complete freedom, you limit God's knowledge; but if you insist on God's knowledge, then you limit humanity's freedom; neither o f which leave my mind at rest in who I know God to be and what His scripture has revealed to us in His creation of humanity. So I am left with an unsettled feeling that there must exist a third alternative--one that encompasses both God's complete omniscience and humanity's unleashed freedom. The closest established belief I would at this point categorize myself with believing would be that of St. Thomas Aquinas and Anselm, which you site on pg. 119 of your text. The pitfall I see in the libertarians' viewpoint is their assumption that foreknowledge implies cause. For instance, by their understanding of foreknowledge, if Chris were to somehow know beforehand what the outcome of a football game would be, but were nothing more than a spectator in the stands, Chris, by this knowledge, somehow CAUSED the outcome of the game to end the way it did. This does not hold up in common sense. Just because Chris somehow were able to KNOW what would happen does not mean that he, by the same token, CAUSED it to happen. And such is the case with God. Just because God KNOWS what will happen in the future of the world does not mean that he literally entered the 'game' and caused it to happen.

Individual research task Essay

This episode of ‘The Simpsons’, ‘The Fat and the Furriest’ was about Homer and a giant Grizzly bear. When Homer is caught on tape running away from a large bear at the town dump, he becomes the laughingstock of Springfield. Determined to win his dignity back, Homer devises a bear-proof suit that will protect him once he returns to the wild to hunt down the bear. When he confronts the beast, he realizes the bear is only upset because he’s been tagged with a painful tracking device. Homer reverses course and helps bring the bear to safety. ‘The Fat and the Furriest’ satirises many different issues about social, political and cultural things. In the beginning after the theme song they show the family getting onto and sitting on the couch. There are hundreds of different ways that the characters manage to do this. In this particular episode, they show Homer walking down a hallway by himself, through many, high security metal doors with a telephone booth at the end, which then drops him onto the couch with the rest of the family. This is the same beginning (with theme song) that is featured in every ‘Get Smart’ episode (a comedy TV show from the 80’s). Another thing that they satirise is the stupidity of men, through the stupidity of Homer and Bart. On Mother’s Day morning, the kids and Homer discuss what they got Marge for Mother’s Day and this is what happens: Homer: Well†¦ what did you get her? Lisa: I picked mum a bouquet of erigeron elodeas†¦ (Homer & Bart stare with lost expression)†¦ daisies†¦ (Homer & Bart still staring)†¦ flowers†¦ (Homer & Bart still staring)†¦ mmmm†¦ (Lisa gestures flowers towards them) Homer & Bart: Oh†¦! Even in the simplest terms (i. e. â€Å"flowers†), Homer and Bart had no idea about what Lisa was talking about. This shows that they are really stupid and could reflect the stupidity of men in society, especially those who don’t think before they say or do things. They also satirise the stupidity of cops, as seen in the seen with a police officer and the chief: Police Officer: Chief, that guy shouldn’t be in the car pool lane. His passenger is just a†¦ big piece of candy Chief: I wish mine was! (looks at officer angrily) Police Officer: What?! Chief: Nothing†¦ Like most episodes of ‘The Simpsons’ with Chief Wiggum in it, shows him caring more for food than for than for his job as a cop. This could be satirising cops and suggesting that they are lazy and don’t do their job properly. They also satirise society and how it takes things for granted, throwing away the old things when new versions come along. This is shown is the city dump seen before Homer gets attacked by a bear for the first time. As Homer walks through the dump, there are 3 signs behind him. The first sign says ‘Betamax Tapes’ and shows a pile of tapes, the second pile says ‘Laser Discs’ and has a pile of discs below it, and the third sign says ‘Reserved for DVDs. This is just saying that once we create something that is even better and more compact than DVDs, everyone will get rid of the DVDs. No one wants to look like they aren’t ‘in with the times’, they care a lot about their image and how society sees them. There are many satirical techniques that are used to make fun of these issues and satirise them. One of the most frequent satirical techniques used throughout this episode and most Simpsons episodes is Irony. An example of this is when Homer is trying to get the hunter off their track by chucking away the tracking device that he is following:Homer: The hunter has become the hunter. He must be following this thing (tracking device). Well I’m gonna make sure it never harms another living creature! (throws tracking device is pond, fish and diver surface after dying from electrical charges put out by tracking device) This is a form of irony because Homer throws the tracking device into the pond because he didn’t want it to hurt another living thing anymore. But instead he killed every fish in that pond as well as a diver who was exploring the pond. Another satirical technique used in this episode is a parody. This was when Homer had created a huge 85 pound ball of deep fried fairy floss and caramel. While making this weird creation, Homer was whimpering as if he was afraid of what could happen, but this whimpering turned into a maniacal evil laugh. This parody is imitating movies and shows where there is an evil person who laughs maniacally when they create something, such as in the movie ‘Spiderman’. The green goblin laughs evilly when he schemes up a plan to destroy and kill Spiderman. There are many movies which use this clichi and this particular Simpsons scene is satirising that clichi. The hyperbole is also another technique used in this episode of ‘The Simpsons’. For example, when the local hunter, Grant Connor, is telling Homer about Grizzly bears before he goes off to face one, he says: Grant Connor: The grizzly is over eight foot tall and can cut through a tree like a Jewish mother through self-esteem. This is an exaggeration of what he is trying to say, which is that grizzly bears are very strong and their claws are very sharp, so be careful. The last, but not least technique used in this episode of ‘The Simpsons’ is humour. This technique is used in the beginning of the show before Homer, Lisa and Bart are going to go shopping for a Mother’s day gift for Marge. Homer: Kids, we’re going mother’s day shopping. I’m glad this holiday only comes every 4 years. This statement is full of humour and makes us laugh because of the stupidity of Homer and how he is so lost in life. He doesn’t even know what he is saying is wrong and he believes that he is not doing anything wrong. There are also many other examples of humour used throughout the whole episode and all the seasons. All these issues that are being satirised and the techniques used to satirise them, all play an important part in the shows ability to satirise social, political and/or cultural context. This particular episode mainly satirises social context. This is evident in the way they portray men, women, children and old people. But in other episodes of the show, political and cultural contexts are both satirised. For example, when President George Bush moves in next door to the Simpsons, or the many times where Mayor Quimby does things wrong. Examples of cultural context is the episode where Apu talks about how he came to America and the episode where Springfield has a referendum, ‘Preposition 24’ about whether refugees should be allowed to stay in Springfield. There are many other episodes and scenes where the show satirises social, political or cultural context. The effectiveness of all this satirising must be great because ‘The Simpsons’ is aired in many countries and languages throughout the world. It has being running on TV for around 15 years and has created 15 seasons and there are still many more episodes still to come in the future. I think that ‘The Simpsons’ is a great TV show that satirises many things to do with social, political and cultural contexts. The many techniques and characters used to make fun of this issue make the show a great laugh and very fun to watch. This very episode, ‘The Fat and the Furriest’ was one of the funniest yet, and featured some very good laughs o get your attention. I’m sure that for years to come, ‘The Simpsons’ will continue to amaze us and make us all laugh.

Organizational Culture and Strategic Human Resource Management Essay

Organizational Culture and Strategic Human Resource Management Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Different scholars have given the term culture different meanings according to the context in which it is applied. People have different cultures from their area of origin, but organizations tend to have almost similar cultures governing the relationship between the employer and employees or among the employees themselves. Carla defined culture as interactions, behavior patterns affective understanding and cognitive constructs which are acquired through the socialization process. These patterns are used in distinguishing members of different cultures through the way they behave. Lederach (1985) stated that culture refers to shared schemes and knowledge obtained from a set of people through interpreting, perceiving, responding and expressing social realities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consequently, Organizational culture refers to how people from a given organization are required to behave concerning their employment and their code of behavior concerning the operations and activities carried out in any given organization. These codes give employees a sense of belonging or identity, appointing and aligning a common view which enables them to act according to such cultures (Bates, Amundson, Schroeder, & Morris, 2010: p. 1565). Different organizations have different ways of maintaining organizational cultures. Most of the companies adopt an impressive rate of retaining employees with a high level of satisfaction as a way of maintaining strong cultures in the workplace. These are important towards the success of the business as well behaved and motivated employees are more productive compared to those who are non-motivated in a given organization. These strong organizational cultures can be maintained through the following ways:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responsive to the needs of an employee; despite the company catering for the pension schemes and the salary of the employees, it is also required to respond to other interests of the employees such as; lifestyle benefits, healthy, working conditions, leisure and the study days. This motivates the employee to maintain good standards of behavior and in turn increases their output.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ongoing development; this comprises of the developments that are carried out in the business organization such having talents day mentoring schemes, which offers training to employees on how they can improve their services. This makes the employees feel that their future is being invested in and that the company is supporting their professional and personal growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social calendar; this involves a well balanced social interaction regarding business activities, which creates a good morale. It involves social healthy and social events, which are carried outside the office setting, which creates an inter-team bonding and a buoyant atmosphere which is a form of motivation to the employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Honest feedback and openness; employers are required to create an environment that brings an open culture which makes employees in every stage share their suggestions, ideas and concerns. When strategies of a well structured feedback are put in place, business owners can as well monitor the levels of employees’ satisfaction and be able to alleviate any arising issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Innovative approach; this comprises of the ways a business conducts its activities and the ways it relates with the members of staff. The company should strive to portray good examples and allow its employees to attend industrial events. This makes sure that they become updated with the c trends and advance in their area of work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Committed leadership; leadership is a very essential component in any given organization; this should involve all team members especially those in the management sector. Company culture can only be maintained through having committed, clear and inclusive leadership where all members are represented. Importance of Maintaining Organizational Culture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The recent past, there has developed a high concern on how businesses have chosen to carry out their daily operations. The culture of an organization in the leadership concept has become a major component used by leaders to come up with a dynamic organization. Leaders do ignite the process of culture formation through imposing expectations and assumptions on their subjects or followers. Schein (2011: p. 370) stated that as companies stabilize due to their success of completing its primary tasks, assumptions of leaders becomes shared which facilitates the socialization process of new members. This result to the success of the organizational leaders’ consistency, giving clear signals regarding their priorities, believes and values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When ethical cultures are promoted through leadership, leaders become successful which facilitates organizational growth, maintains good services that the society demands, ability to solve issues before they end up becoming serious disasters and become competitive against their rivals. Schein (2011: p.374) also discovered that corporate cultures are very important on matters concerning decision making in the organization. He stated that if decisions are made without considering the forces of the operative culture, it may result to undesirable and unanticipated consequences. This is due to complex issues confronting leaders when deciding on the best method of generating the achievements of the organization when faced with complex environments. Their success will depend on the understanding, and the knowledge leaders have concerned the organizational culture. This makes them predict the results of their decisions by preventing anticipated re percussions. Arguably, an organization that maintains such strong culture can also realize the following benefits. Enhanced corporation and mutual trust Development of an informal control system within the organization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assisting workers in modifying their behaviors through providing behaviors, which are justified Schein (2011: p.373) also characterized the culture of an organization in three levels. The first level consisted of artifacts and behavior levels which are most visible as they are always around us. Such an observable cultural level consist of an outward manifestations behavior patterns of culture which can be seen in the physical layout of dress codes, work environments, levels of technology, behaviors and attitudes of people. The second level comprised of the organizational values that determine behavior and are unobservable which are different from the artifacts and physical behaviors. They give the difference between operating values and the stated values such valuing customers and qualities. Operating value refers to actual manifestation of true values in force. Schein (2011: p.373) emphasized that for better understanding of culture one h as to get the deeper level of beliefs and assumptions. The relevance of culture is the learned beliefs, values and assumptions which are taken for granted and shared as the company becomes successful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most challenging issue concerning the organizational culture is whether they can be changed. Some of these cultures are maintained, created and transformed by leaders or the people. Hartman (2006) stated that culture comprises of laws, history, language as well as systems and rules, informal and formal practices, rituals and beliefs. However, ethics of an organization operates on the whole moral culture of the business organization. Schein (2009: p.109) recommended the following five embedding primary mechanism which can be used by leaders as major tools to teach the organizations they lead on how to think, perceive, behave and feel from their own unconscious and conscious convictions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leaders’ attention on a regular basis control and measures: organizational leaders and founders communicate their beliefs, values and priorities based on where they are paying their attention. Their overtime measure and emphasizes can lead to a greater effect on the culture of the organization. Schein (2009: p.110) stated that such a process ends up becoming a powerful way of delivering a message especially when the leaders portray a total consistent to their behavior. These leaders consistency is the one that sends a message showing their priorities, beliefs and values which is high importance rather than the actions’ intensity. Northouse (2008: p.370) argued that every leader should have an agenda, proposals, a series of beliefs; values issues and ideas which they desire to discuss which has significant effects on the values the organization exhibits. Schein (2009: p.112) stated that leaders can apply both negative and posi tive signals as tools of capturing the subordinates’ attention on important issues concerning the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leaders’ reactions towards organizational crises and critical incidents: all organizations are bound to experience crises which are known to draw every ones attention in such an incidence. The way leaders react to such crises; it gives more information concerning the values, culture and norms of the organization (Pacanowsky & Trujillo, 2013: p.130)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schein ((2009: p.113) quoted that if an organization is confronted with crises, the way leaders and other shareholders deals with such a situation, it creates values, new norms, working procedures and reveals underlying assumptions, which are important. Crises generate emotional involvement and attention to those related to the organization mostly if such crises threaten the existence of the organization. When the organizations assumptions are exposed in such an incidence, the potential is increased to either reinforce the current culture or make a change on such current culture. In such situations, leaders may influence the culture of the organization so as to support ethical behaviors and strong morals which reinforces creation of new values in the organization. Such situations give the leaders an opportunity to coach, teach and mentor their followers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How resources are allocated by leaders, status and rewards: organizations are required to prepare a budget which is a basic tool used in resource allocation of the company, this allocation reveals the leaders beliefs and assumptions. If the allocation of resources is balanced, it improves the efficiency of the operations, creates consumer satisfaction and increases the values of the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deliberate teaching, role modeling and coaching: when a leader becomes a good role model by showing personal examples, it sends a very beneficial and a powerful message to the organizational members mostly for consistent and ethical actions. Schein (2011: p.272) stated that a subordinate derives their personal ethics from what they perceive or observe as ethical standards practiced by the leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How leaders select, recruit, excommunicate and promote: this gives a significant way through which leaders can transform the culture of the organization and their assumptions through selecting, promoting and retaining people business organization. Schein (2009: p.115) stated that leaders and organizational founders establish unconscious culture in the organization through advancing and hiring anyone, whom they thought has such values they desire and eliminate the undesirable ones. If the corporate culture of the business organization is corrupt, people in the organization tend to ignore the right things and engage in activities which are unethical along their ways of operations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SHRM on the other hand refers to the intentions and plans of the organization on how it should achieve its goals through people. It is a process which comprises of three propositions: the first one indicates that competitive advantage has a major source which is human capital; secondly, it indicates that the organization strategic plan is implemented by people. Finally, is that the organization should adopt a systematic approach that defines where the company wants to go, and the ways it should do to get there. These strategies of HRM define the plans and intentions associated to organizational overall considerations such as its effectiveness and more precise aspects related to people management, which involves resourcing, employee relations and rewards, learning and development. It addresses organizational issues in a broader perspective which are associated to changes in culture and structure, organizational performance and its effective ness, matching resources concerning future requirement, and management of change. Its main aim is to develop capability processes, which ensures things, are done effectively. Aims of adopting SHRM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rationale of SHRM is to bring an agreement and understanding based on developing an approach of people management in the long-term. Boswell (2010: p. 1489) suggested that SHRM is meant to achieve competitive advantage using HRM.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It provides a perspective on how to address success factors or critical issues related to people, strategic decisions made which have a long term and a major impact on the organizational success and behavior. Its fundamental aim is to come up with strategic capability by making sure that the business has a skilled, well motivated and committed employee which brings competitive advantage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The objective of SHRM is providing a sense of direction always in a tabulated environment in order to ensure the company needs and the employees collective needs are met through implementation and development of coherent and practical programs and policies of human resource. Holder and Dyer (2008: p.66) stated that the aims of SHRM should be to provide a unifying framework which is integrative, broad and based on contingency. Storey, Wright, & Ulrich, 2009: p. 108) termed the aims of SHRM that they should emphasize on aspects of human relations of people management, communication, emphasizing continuous development, involvement, working life quality, security of employment and balance of work-life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should attempt to have an achievement of balancing both the soft and hard elements. Almost every organization strives to achieve its objectives and must ensure that the required resources needed to achieve such objectives they are used efficiently. Quinn (2013: p. 96) stated that when the management is taking an extensive planning, they should consider the people in mind, take an account of the aspirations and the needs of all the organizational members in the soft concept of SHRM. Importance of having SHRM in an organization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In most cases, the importance of SHRM in a business organization becomes hard to overemphasize them because human beings act as the driving forces in any business organization. This calls for the organization to have strategies of implementing a well-thought out and well planned SHR ideas (Kang & Kim, 2011: p. 390). This will facilitate coordination and having a proper channel of human capital to ensure increased productivity (Kane, 2006: p. 190). Better strategies on human resources, which are solid, allow the business organization to develop a good relationship with the organizational workers, and have peaceful coexistence and mutual benefits from the host community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A well and properly implemented a plan on SHRM helps the organization to attain its goals through the employees performing their necessary duties which are geared towards achieving such goals. In such a situation, the benefits of SHRM are seen since departments of human resources identify key areas in the organization which requires manpower (Sarros, Cooper & Santora, 2008: p.150)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These departments are also required to carry out key steps on matters of recruiting ideal candidates who can fill vacancies and helps the organization to achieve its short-term, long-term goals and its vision. Strategic approaches to HRM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Approach based on resources: Barney (2011: p.46) indicated that aims of based resource approach are developing the capability of achieving the fit between opportunities, resources and obtaining value addition from well deployment of resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategic fit: strategies of human resource should have an integral part that contains strategies of the business which contributes in the planning processes of the business as they are carried out. Integration is a necessary concept in a business as it gives the congruence between strategies of human resource and the business itself when done vertically (Barney, 2011: p.48). The aim of carrying out both horizontal and vertical integration in a business is to ensure a coherent approach is achieved as far as management of people is concerned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management at high-performance: this management aims at making an effect on the firm’s performance through its people in areas such as quality, productivity, levels of consumer services, profits, growth and delivery of improved shareholders value. This management carries out practices such as selection procedures and vigorous recruitment, relevant training and extensive management, development activities and process of management performance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Few years ago, researchers and professionals have been focusing on whether corporate culture has any effect on the company performance and its effectiveness. Kanter (2013: p.22) in his book Managing Knowledge Workers Unleashing Innovation and Productivity demonstrated that companies with better SHRM outperformed those with less progressive practices. In illustrating the link between organizational culture and its effectiveness, the proposition focuses on four major traits of culture which needs to be examined in order to get the clear link between the two. Such traits are; involvement, adaptability, consistency and mission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consistency and involvement are mainly focused on the internal composition of the organization and its mission. Mission and adaptability on the other hand focuses on how external factors of the environment and the organization are collated. Research has proposed that the culture of an organization has to be strong, and give strategic competitive benefits and its values and believes have to be firmly held and widely shared (Koch & McGrath, 2010: p.340). This proposal is only meant if the purpose of the corporate culture is to improve its effectiveness and the overall performance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although previous reviews and studies show that SHRM has become general probably with respect to performance and HRM, it has been mainly limited to the relationship between organizational performance and HR practices (Vijayasiri, 2010: p.48). Strategic HRM accepts functions of HR as a strategic important partner when formulating the strategies of the company and their implementation through practices of HR. Deley (2009: p.38) adopted a perspective view based on resources which emphasized on acquiring competitive benefits through the means of utilizing organizational resources through employees. Through the research for SHRM of organizational effectiveness, the following areas were used to determine whether such strategies are successful:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outcomes on human resource, which made an evaluation concerning the behaviors of the workforce/ employees;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outcomes of the organization which are based on quality, productivity and services;Outcomes on financial accounting related to profitability and investment returns;Outcomes on capital market for public organizations that are, shareholders returns and stock value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, strategic HRM is a very important factor to be mentioned despite whether there is a significant research done or not. There is supportive evidence which shows that there is a strong link between effectiveness and culture. SHRM fully depends on the organizational culture for its successful implementation (Denison, & Mishra, 2013: p. 214). Valuation of styles and viewpoints and development of ways which are concrete facilitates learning in the organization from differences which shows high benefits obtained when organizational structure, processes and procedures are maximized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusively, research has been done which shows how national cultures are diversified and how they influence the behaviors of the employees, this inspires optimism on the emerging perspectives related to SHRM practices and culture (Siddique, 2013: p.230). Globally, there is a lot of research that is carried out on how organizations allocate resources, make decisions, manage, negotiate and motivate employees, develop and train their employees (Linn, 2008: p. 90). These researches reveal that culture is one of the most important determinants of the organizational behavior. 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