An American Economy Essay - 934 Words

An American Economy Globalization is a very pressing issue in the American culture today. Within any economy, globalization will cause many problems while at the same time solving many others. This is true because there are many factors involved with globalization, one of the most important being job outsourcing. While at first glance and from what the media reports, job outsourcing is definitely not healthy for the economy. However on upon closer inspection, the reverse may be true. Job outsourcing, though initially stressing on the workforce, is helpful in creating a strong economy. Job outsourcing creates an initial job loss to the area in which it concerns. This happens because in a global economy, the idea is to move ones†¦show more content†¦The media and politicians attacked IBM for its un-American policies, the other event was IBM’s high second quarter profits that allowed for a one-third reduction to their lay-offs. Though that may not seem like a big deal, it is considering that when they announced their 5,000 layoffs, they also announced their addition of 5,000 other American jobs to the payroll. No one heard their second announcement through all the fuss over the companies outsourcing. With that taken into consideration however, IBM actually increased the number of American workers, making a healthier economy. The attack of the media and politicians on IBM is not even close to new. Any company with plans to cut costs by moving jobs over seas is seen as an evil monster creating a permanent job loss. The permanent job loss is an idea that has been around for some time. In the eighties and early nineties, there was a lot of doubt over our economies ability to recover from the departure of our manufacturing jobs. Then, starting in the mid to late nineties was the panic over e-commerce and dot.com companies destroying old economy jobs. The fact is, our economy is always changing and there will always be a permanent loss of jobs. That’s what happened when the US changed from an agricultural economy to an industrial one and from an industrial one to a technological one. Now it is happening again as we change from a mostly local economy to a very global one. In order to keep theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Economy Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Economy is the most dominant economy in the world and has been one that many countries have tried to replicate. Let’s take a look at how the American Economy is so dominant and why. There are many important numbers to bas e an economy off of, however, we are only going to look into some of the most vital numbers that really illustrate why the United States is the world’s leading economy. 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Can Critical Regionalism Counteract The Impact Of...

Can Critical Regionalism counteract the impact of Globalisation on our cities? In the era of constant networking and relaying of information, the world has become a much smaller place. The shrinking world has somewhat become a familiar spectacle of identical fads and lifestyles. At least in the developed countries, globalisation has given birth to homogenous consumer culture. Demonstrated not only by the expansion of multi-national cooperations such as Apple and Starbucks but also by the indistinct architecture. It is a common sighting in urban cities today to see the identical steel, concrete and glass structures. This occurrence might be innate due to the easy exportation of concepts and architects, however not obligatory. Whilst advancing towards a modern society, architects have adapted this â€Å"universal style† of architecture that fails to represent the unique topography of different cities. Architects have the choice to either â€Å"repeat the same building everywhere or to push ourselves forward, to create an encounter between ourselves and th e local culture† (Koolhaas, 2012). If the notion of Critical Regionalism were to be practiced by architects through the integration of the local culture with modern techniques, it could potentially return the missing identities of these cities. Critical Regionalism was devised during the early 20th century, as an attempt to reject the monotony developed by the International Style and the purposeless ornamentation utilised by

Human Resource Practice of Woolworths †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Practice of Woolworths. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is the practice to handle the human resource within an organisation and HR department tries to manage the employee performance towards the organisational strategic objectives. In addition, Conflict of interests is a very common issue in the business sector and both the public and private sector face this issue quite frequently. If the conflicts are not managed properly, the productivity of the organisation gets hampered. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) avers that the conflict between the organisational management and employees could inappropriately affect the performance of the official duties and responsibilities (Oecd.org 2017). This study will focus on a situation as stated above and questions related to this situation where conflict has arose in a real-world business situation. This study will delineate the conflict situation within the organisation and the eternal issue between employer and employees. The ethical and professional behaviour to defend this situation will also be discussed in this report. Selected Case Scenario Woolworths Supermarket is a famous Australian supermarket and it is owned by Woolworths Limited. Along with Coles, the retail giant Woolworths create a duopoly in the supermarket industry in Australia. Woolworths has more than 990 stores in all over the Australia and New Zealand. The stores sell vegetables, packaged fruits and foods, meat and necessary things like beauty products, magazines, household products and much more. Woolworths Supermarket started its journey in the year 1942 in South Wales and headquarter of the organisation is in Bella Vista New South Wales. The CEO of the organisation is David Banducci and revenue of the organisation touched 44 billion AUD in the year 2016 (Woolworths.com.au 2017). Woolworths provides special importance in supply chain management as, without the supply chain, the organisation will not manage the product flow in the retail stores. Supply chain management helps the supermarket in boosting the customers' services and it can reduce the operati on cost. Operation costs within retail can decrease purchasing cost and reduce production cost, it can also decrease in total supply chain costs. From the supply chain and warehouse, Woolworths has the benefits of protection of the products, protection of the goods from theft and climatic conditions. Woolworths stores the raw materials for future production and surplus products also stores in Warehouses. According to The Age news, on 9th August 2015, Woolworths faced the issues of workers strike over employees hire casualisation (Mentioned in the new article: https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/woolworths-laverton-workers-strike-over-labour-hire-casualisation-20150809-giv9au.html.) On 9th August, more than 200 striking workers had blocked the trucks from leaving and entering the warehouse at Leverton, in Melbournes west. Woolworths sells liquor also and it has a special department that manages the liquor distribution. The employees at Leverton at the liquor distribution centre started protesting at 4 am on Monday. The anger had been rising among the employees in Woolworths, related to labour hire casualisation in warehouse and supply chain (Theage.com.au 2015). On the last few days, a group of employees met with the management of Woolworths in order to solve the labour-hire casualisation as Woolworths used an external agency in order to hire the casual employees. The employee-group as ked the management to take the disciplinary actions in case of anyone involved in the illegal practice of external agency picket (Theage.com.au 2015). On the other side, Woolworths had been trying to seek the orders to break the picket and the organisational management had been delaying in putting the stop of the issues at the Fair Working Commissions. The employees had been very worried as the notice came from the external agency as a surprise to the employees and they could lose the employment all of a sudden. One of the employees from negotiation team averred that the National Union of Workers had already claimed the introduction of the labour-hire breaching an agreement in the year 2014. While talking with the Woolworths management, the spokesperson declared that external labour-hire firm had made partnership with Woolworths in order to recruit the casual labours. The Woolworths spokesperson had said that they were not going to put any changes in retention and recruitment policy. Moreover, the industrial action had been disappointing that time and Unions and Employees could not address the concerns. The picket had threatened th e labours of the Woolworths and the external agencies also put threat to stop supply of groceries and liquor also. The picket also made the situation worse by stating that more than 600 permanent labours could face the unemployment issues in Melbourne North. Woolworths did not check the situation correctly and the decision of stripping off more than 600 employees from the warehousing operation made the wound worse (Theage.com.au 2015). However, the spokesperson in Woolworths commented that Woolworths tried to invest more in the opening of new stores in Victoria and they shifted the employees in those stores. Interest of employees and business entity Woolworths employees had been protesting about the same issues for two years before the strike occurred and the group of employees tried to negotiate over the key employment problem in Collective Enterprise Agreement. The employees of Woolworths took the industrial stance in order to solve the issue of labour hire casualisation and the employees tried to find solution in a constructive way. That time, Woolworths had more than 197,000 registered staff members. The employees had interest in improving their conditions by striking on Monday and the employees had taken this step out of complete frustration. The casual warehouse employees of Woolworths took the step as they were just pushed into a corner and only one option left to walk off the job. Employees raised the issue of labour hire casualisation and the rights of casual employees to have the permanent positions within the orghanisation with contract. The employees also raised the issues of rates of pay for the casual workers and c onditions in which they had to work in Woolworths. As mentioned by Watson (2013), employees highlighted the ratios of use of casual workers in Woolworths and security in tenure of employment for the casual workers. The casual employees had been facing the issue regarding the lack of transparency in recruiting of the casual employees and the Woolworths management commitment towards the stable workforce. In case of some of the Australian organisations, the management tries to do 100% outsourcing in case of employees from the hiring agencies. The main elements of casualisation that provide benefits to the organisation are minimum wages, no fringe benefits for the hired labours, contract-based working, no job security and reduced payroll (Reddy et al. 2015). The employees do not have the longer services and they do not have long leave also. Woolworths took the casual workers as it provided profit to the organisation as the organisation did not need to give extra wages to the employees. Woolworths had found this casualisation of hired labour was one of the easy path and quick way to generate the revenue. According to Bourelle (2014), in Australian scenario, in the meat industry, this casualisation happens more and employees do not have any security in the job. Woolworths used the labour-hire arrangement s a triangular relationship with the employees as employees were hired as an employe e or by an independent agency (Miller 2014). This resulted that the employees are supplied by the third party and the security in a job depends on the willingness of the third party. In the warehouse of Leverton, the employees were continuously requesting to make them permanent and they were threatened to lose the job. Impact of conflicts on employees and business performance The conflicts between employees and business management always pose a negative impact on the business performance. As stated by Watson (2013), casualisation has always been an element of unemployment in Australia as the employers embraced this flexible option in business. In casual workforce, the employers can reduce manpower depends on workflow and the employers can also detain the employees if they want. In the business concept, JIT (Just in Time) approach can be taken as the business entity wants to provide goods in response to the demand and not in the apprehension of the demands (Toscano 2017). Therefore, Woolworths' management faced the challenge in keeping the employees as a permanent basis in warehouse sector and supply chain. The permanent workforce in idle time was not being a good option for Woolworths. This figure was same on that contemporary time as almost a quarter of all employees in Australian workforce reported being causal workforce (almost 23.2%) (Huang 2015). Whe n the employees had a strike on Monday, the production of that day got hampered as employees were frustrated. With the frustration of the employees, management of Woolworths took the decision to think over the matter. Woolworths had a set of rules and negative influence of the business had influenced the brand image. The stressed and worried employees did not put forward the productivity and business organisation had faced the mental health issue from the employees. The employees desired not to work effectively if their wishes and demands did not get fulfilled. The business objectives and productivity of the organisation got hampered for some days till the management provided a green signal to negotiate over the issues. It was difficult for the Woolworths to look forward without the management of supply chain and warehousing (Frederickson and Rohr 2015). On the other side, it was difficult for the employees to stop the work and responsibilities for a long time. The productivity and brand image of the organisation was in danger and the ethical business policy of the organisation had not been followed perfectly. At that time, growing use of casual labours was predominant and the Woolworths could have been provided certainty of for the casual labours. Role of HR managers In the Woolworths, HR department is very important as the human resources of the organisation are large in numbers. In minimising the conflict issues of the employees against the organisational management, HR department can play the role of negotiator. In this case of Woolworths, the HR department could not redesign the policy of the organisation; however, they could negotiate with the employees to bring out the solution. In pluralistic nature of organisational culture, the most of the critics viewed that conflict represents the dissimilarities of the organisations opinions (Klein et al. 2013). On that sitiation, the HR department could give a memo for show cause, suspend the concerned person, restrict his involvement in the official matter and curtail his scope for promotions. Since penalty is the first option for any company to handle a situation like this. It raises a threat to the other employees so that they are restricted from involving in any such conflicts of interest. Howeve r, in the grievance of the employees, HR department could understand the demands of the employees are valid or viable or not. The employees' demands could be incompatible with the organisational goals. As opined by Fawkes (2014), conflict resolution is all about the decision-making of particular case, HR department of Woolworths made understood the management the needs of the employees and their grievance. HR department could transfer the employees to another department or another location to curtail the relationship with the other employees in order to minimise the rage among emoloyees. HR department of the organisation might arrange a session with the affected employees to know about the exact reason for this type of conflict and the resultant behaviour and may try to dig down deep to know about the loopholes of their policies regarding code of conduct and code of ethics. As suggested by Carrese et al. (2015), HR department could also arrange a training session for the employees on a regular basis to remind them about the company's policies. In case of Woolworths strike of the employees, HR managers needed to conceptualise all the unequal outcomes of the casualisation of hire employees. In recruitment and selection of the employees, HR managers could stop using external agencies for hiring and they could themselves manage the recruitment process. Options available to HRM professional The HR department of Woolworths could arrange a session with the warehouse employees who were involved in the conflict of interests and must try to know the exact reason for such a behaviours and showed them organisational policy. According to the feedbacks of the employees, the HR department could try to change its code of conduct and code of business ethics. In this process, the HR department could set some guidelines to reduce the workplace conflicts. It must be having some already set code of conducts and ethics for all the employees. a) Starting new recruitment policy Woolworths HR managers could start new recruitment policy apart from the third party external recruitment and it might have pacified the employees. The employees of the Leverton needed the security that time and the HR managers could ensure that recruitment policy of the organisation would be changed and management was thinking about this. New recruitment policy would help the employees and HR managers themselves would arrange the recruitment and selection. b) Making permanent to employees The HR department could ensure all the employees in Leverton that they would be permanent in no time and HR department was talking with management in this note. The employees of Leverton in warehousing could stop the strike as the being permanent could solve the casualisation issue in the organisation. The management had to bear the extra wages for that matter, however, the sudden rage of the employees could be solved by ensuring the security in the job. c) Ensuring employee-friendly organisational policies Woolworths made the contract with the employees when they came to the organisation. HR department could make a new set of organisational policies that would ensure a permanent job, security in the workplace and right wages for the employees. This approach of the HR department in Woolworths could decrease the rage of the employees during the strike. Furthermore, the company could have changed some business strategies and ethics to avoid the similarity incidences with the rival company (Bourelle 2014). It is a challenging task and quite time to consume as well as involves financial investments. Best appropriate option in case of Woolworths In case of Woolworths in solving the strike issue, the HR department could ensure the job security for the casual contract employees with giving some fringe benefits. The employees were deprived as they were not treated as equal to permanent employees. Giving dignity to job security in the workplace could solve the issues for employees (Apsc.gov.au 2017). The HR department of Woolworths is always responsible for maintaining the professionalism and ethical behaviour among the employees. These help in developing effective workplace habits, which assist the employees and the organisation in the long run to improve the productivity. In Woolworths, the conflict of interest is a deviation from the workplace ethics and professionalism from the management. In these situations, the group or the individual acted according to their own interest and ignores the organisational interest. In addition, honesty, respect, fairness and responsibility towards the work and the organisation construct the business ethics. Woolworths could have adopted some formal rules and regulations and these are called the code of ethics. Conclusion It has been observed from the analysis that Woolworths had issues in casualisation of employees and they had malpractice in profit-making and wages of the employees. Conflict of interest is a big issue in any organisation and it could lead to a downfall in productivity and in the reputation of the organisation in the long run. Although in some cases, conflicts of interests have contributed in the generation of new ideas and direction for businesses, it has majorly affected some businesses also in terms of quality, corruption, unethical practices and reputation. Such behaviour creates a negative impact on the work culture of the organisation. However, the HR managers could change the organisational policy by ensuring the job security to the employees. References Apsc.gov.au, 2017.In whose interests?: Preventing and managing conflicts of interest in the APS - APSC. Apsc.gov.au. Available at: https://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/in-whose-interest [Accessed on 14 Nov. 2017]. Bourelle, T., 2014. New perspectives on the technical communication internship: Professionalism in the workplace.Journal of Technical Writing and Communication,44(2), pp.171-189. Carrese, J.A., Malek, J., Watson, K., Lehmann, L.S., Green, M.J., McCullough, L.B., Geller, G., Braddock III, C.H. and Doukas, D.J., 2015. The essential role of medical ethics education in achieving professionalism: the Romanell Report.Academic Medicine,90(6), pp.744-752. Fawkes, J., 2014.Public relations ethics and professionalism: The shadow of excellence. Routledge. Frederickson, H.G. and Rohr, J.A., 2015.Ethics and public administration. Routledge. Huang, P.H., 2015. How improving decision-making and mindfulness can improve legal ethics and professionalism.JL Bus. Ethics,21, p.35. Klein, P.G., Mahoney, J.T., McGahan, A.M. and Pitelis, C.N., 2013. Capabilities and strategic entrepreneurship in public organizations.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,7(1), pp.70-91. Luce, E.A., 2015. Conflicts of interest. Miller, S., 2014. Trust, Conflicts of Interest, and Fiduciary Duties: Ethical Issues in the Financial Planning Industry in Australia.Capital Failure: Rebuilding Trust in Financial Services, p.305. OECD, 2014.Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service. oecd.org. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/48994419.pdf [Accessed on 14 Nov. 2017]. Reddy, A.A., Rani, C. and Reddy, G.P., 2015. Labour scarcity and farm mechanisation: A cross state comparison. International Journal of Management, 3(4), pp.45-67 Toscano, N. 2017. Woolies workers strike over labour hire casualisation. The Age. Available at: https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/woolworths-laverton-workers-strike-over-labour-hire-casualisation-20150809-giv9au.html [Accessed on 15 Nov. 2017]. Watson, I., 2013. Bridges or traps? Casualisation and labour market transitions in Australia.Journal of Industrial Relations,55(1), pp.6-37. Woolworths.com.au. 2017. Woolworth Supermarket Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed on 15 Nov. 2017].

What Was the Renaissance Like Essay Example For Students

What Was the Renaissance Like Essay The term Renaissance is from the same French word, meaning rebirth. It comes from the Italian Reenactments, Re meaning again and nascence meaning be born. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages (Tuscany) and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Its influence affected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual enquiry. As a cultural movement, the Renaissance period encompassed a rebellion of lassie-based learning, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. Traditionally, this intellectual transformation has resulted in the Renaissance being viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo dad Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term Renaissance man. We will write a custom essay on What Was the Renaissance Like specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The leading intellectual trait of the era was the recovery, to a certain degree, of the secular and humane philosophy of Greece and Rome. Another humanist trend which cannot be ignored was the rebirth of individualism, which, developed by Greece and Rome to a remarkable degree, had been suppressed by the rise of a caste system in the later Roman Empire, by the Church and by feudalism in the Middle Ages. Medieval Christianity restricted individual expression, fostered self-abnegation and self-annihilation, and demented implicit faith and unquestioning obedience. Furthermore, the Church officially ignored man and nature. Http://www. Timpani. Com/renaissance. HTML Literature (characteristics): Emphasis on classical studies in the expanding universities. -Increasing literacy among the laity. -Learning increased rapidly. -New schools were founded throughout Britain, in rural villages as well as cities. -Growth of a critical, skeptical type of scholarship, leading to scientific inquiry. -Increasing trade leads to individual wealth, general prosperity, nationalism, and materialism. -Gradual movement from unquestioned religious beliefs toward a more human- centered philosophy. Emphasis on human potential, not Gods power, believing ones role in life should be action, not religious contemplation. Language: English had triumph over French as the spoken language. It became the language of scholarship, replacing Latin, and the language of theology. It had no bounds to its development. As regards vocabulary, much growth came from the learned words borrow ed from Latin and Greek, but explorers and overseas tradesmen brought an influx of words from many foreign languages. New words were invented daily. Spelling was erratic. In pronunciation, many words were stressed on different syllables from the ones currently emphasized. Changes in grammatical elements: -Pronouns: ye was replaced by you. -Verbs: the endings the changed to s. . Explain how the Philosophy of Humanism differs from the ideals held during the Middle English Period. Humanism is a system of thought that considers that solving human problems with the help of reason is more important than religious beliefs. It emphasizes the fact that the basic nature of humans is good. It is secular-minded religion is no longer the orientation. Humanism was not a philosophy per SE, but rather a method of learning. In contrast to the medieval scholastic method, which focused on resolving contradictions between authors, humanists would study ancient texts in the original, typically Ritter in Latin or ancient Greek, and appraise them through a combination of reasoning and empirical evidence. A) Mention the key representatives among Humanists writers -Sir Thomas More: he was a humanist and lawyer, the first layman to become Chancellor. Best known for his work Utopia (no place or good place), which tells of an ideal state with the truly representative government. It was written in Latin, addressing to all scholars in Europe (names were in Greek). He describes his ideas of a perfect society. His work gave rise to the Utopian literature (new genre), presented as an ideal of perfection. Tyndale: was the first translator of the Renaissance, a defender of the faith who creates new words that didnt exist in English. His work as a translator was opposed in England and he was forced to live in Germany, where he produced the first English version of the Bible between 1525 and 1531 King James: made the first authorized version of the Bible. He used an archaic language so as to sound formal, show respect, and create a more distant atmosphere. It was a collected work of all the previous translations. Sir Thomas Eliot: with The book named the Governor -Protestant/Anglican: Tyndale, Coverall Protestant/Calvinist: Geneva Bible -Catholic: Today Bible b) Focus on Thomas More and explain why his Utopia is a Renaissance literary work Sir Thomas Meres most famous work is essentially a dialogue between More, and an imaginary character Raphael Hathaway. In the conversation between the two men, More learns that Hathaway is a traveler who has been all over the world with America Vesuvius and had been left to explore the island of Utopia (nowhere). Hathaway explains how life in England has many evils in society in all aspects of life from political to social aspects. He then explains how the people of Utopia handled Hess everyday problems to make it the perfect nation. Sir Thomas Meres Utopia is a satire the name Raphael Hathaway meaner dispenser of nonsense-. The book also makes fun at many aspects of society in England during the time period such as the severity of criminal law and the growing luxury of the wealthy class at the expense of the poor classs life of increased hardship. More can successfully accomplish the feat of criticizing the government because the character that is making the critical analysis of England is made up. By using this technique in Utopia, More can publicize his own thoughts on the nation thou being called out for treason to the crown. 3. Focus on the Sonnet Sonnet: short song, a lyrical poem in 14 lines. ) How does the Patriarchal sonnet compare to the Elizabethan sonnet? Patriarch wrote sonnets that consider love in an early renaissance sense; that is, they idealism the beloved lady, and they focus on the divine qualities she possesses, while lamenting the pain the speaker feels in not being with her. Each sonnet of fourteen lines considers one proposition in the opening octave of eight lines, and then considers the reverse or opposing view in the final sestets, or six lines. The switch from one view to its opposite is called the Volta. Shakespeare wrote sonnets in a much later period, and pokes fun at the idea that his beloved lady could possibly represent divine beauty. In addition, he took the English form of the sonnet, developed by the Earl of Surrey and Thomas Wyatt, which included a final rhyming pair of lines, called a rhyming couplet. Shakespeare then pursued the same proposition throughout the entire sonnet until the very end, often pushing the Volta to the final couplet. -Structure of the Sonnet Patriarchal sonnet: -Each line has 5 feet consisting of either one unstressed syllable followed by en stressed syllable (iambic pentameter). .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .postImageUrl , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:hover , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:visited , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:active { border:0!important; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:active , .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7017b592363ce78b369e7be2cb6577ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Roaring Girl Essay QuestionsEach line has 10 syllables in all. -The poem is divided into two parts: the octave (8 lines divided in two groups of 4 lines) and the sestets (6 lines divided in two groups of 3 lines). -Between the octave and the sestets two main ideas are compared Octave: presentation, problem, argument, question. Sestets: solution, conclusion, answer. Or balance -The rhyme scheme at the end of each line of the octave is: baobab; the sestets often varies, CDC or ceded. Elizabethan, Shakespearean or English sonnet: -Each line is in iambic pentameter. The poem is divided into four parts: 3 quatrains (4 lines each) and a final couplet (2 lines). -The rhyme scheme is usually: ABA CDC fee / egg Shakespeare. ABA Bcc CDC / e Spencer. Http://suites 01 . Com/article/differences-between-the-patriarchal-and-the- Shakespearean-sonnet-a374838 b) Why can sonnets be equated to miniatures? C) Which is the function performed by the rhyming couplet in 16th century sonnets? The 6th-century sonnets were written to display the great cleverness, sophistication, and skill of the poet. Generally speaking, sonnets were more self- centered than their love rhetoric might initially suggest. Although they often purport to express private emotions from the poet to a beloved, they were usually meant not for private communication, but for public consumption amongst a circle of Courtly readers. In other words, they were written to impress others rather than to convey genuine emotion. The great majority of 16th-century sonnets were written to explore unrequited romantic love. It was assumed that the speaker would be a besotted man and the beloved a resistant, disdainful, or otherwise unavailable woman. The speaker spends much of his time trying to persuade the beloved to sleep with him. Patriarch developed a number of conventions for describing loves varied pleasures and torments and the beauty of the beloved. Sonnets abound in wordplay: puns, double-entendre, multiple meanings, and clever figures of speech. The most common figures of speech used in 16th-century sonnets include the conceit, the blazon, and personification. Http://www. Lima. Ohio-state. Du/debarks/sonnet. HTML d) Which are the current themes in sonnets? Compare Patriarchal themes to Shakespearean themes. Courtly love: love as pain (unrequited); love as a labyrinth; love as passion stronger than will; loves as chains you cannot escape. Art. -Time: poetry could stop the passage of time preserve a particular moment. -Death. -Historical figures -Love at first sight, obsessive yearning and loveliness, frustration, love as parallel to feudal service; Patriarchal themes: The lady as ideally beautiful, ideally virtuous, m iraculous, beloved in heaven, and destined to early death; Love as virtue, love as idolatry, love as sensuality; The god of love with his arrows, fires, whips, chains; War within the self- hope, fear, Joy, sorrow. Conceits, wit, urbane cleverness; disputations and scholastic precision; Allegory, personification; Wooing, exhortation, outcry; Praise, blame; self-examination, Self-accusation, self-defense; Repentance and the farewell to love. Shakespeare themes: One interpretation is that Shakespearean sonnets are in part a pastiche or parody of the three-centuries-old tradition of Patriarchal love sonnets; Shakespeare consciously inverts conventional gender roles as delineated in Patriarchal sonnets to create a more complex and potentially troubling depiction of human love. He also violated many sonnet rules, which had been strictly obeyed by his fellow poets: he plays with gender roles, he speaks on human evils that do not eve to do with love, he comments on political events, he makes fun of love, he speaks openly about sex, he parodies beauty, and even introduces witty pornography e) Account for the main contributions made by renaissance consenters: Wyatt, Surrey, Lily, Sidney and Spencer. To do so, focus in the themes these consenters privilege and the main devices they employ. Provide 2 examples of their poetry. ** Wyatt: Betrayal is a prevalent theme in Watts work. Typically, the narrator is the wronged person and the poem serves to expose betrayals involving affairs of the heart along with political and social treachery. In Watts work, the fickle nature of women can rear its head at any time and a courtier could be given the cold shoulder on the whim of the king especially true in Henry Vics time. For example, in They Flee From Me, the narrator details being forsaken both by a woman he loved and by acquaintances who once sought his guidance. Watts narrators experience lash out from the pain but also dejectedly accept their position. In My Heart I Gave Thee, the narrator realizes that to pursue the one who wronged him is pointless. Still, the betrayed are not without their cutting words and extreme motions. Lug! My Fair Falcon, believed to have been written during Watts imprisonment, contains vivid imagery (like lice away from dead bodies they crawl) to illustrate the cruelty of betrayal. Even God abandons him. He follows Patriarchal theme of courtly love ** Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey The tight rhyme scheme is not Surreys only sonic device: theres plenty of alliteration, too. Brittle beauty, tickle treasure, slipper in sliding, Jewel of Jeopardy are among the most noticeable examples, but almost every line makes use of the device to some degree. Influenced by Wyatt, he popularizes English form of sonnet while adding the theme of nature. He did much to establish the tradition of courtly concerned with arts and letters. He translated the Amended, making first use of blank verse (unrushed iambic pentameter). ** Jo hn Lily He is best known for Pushes (puppyish style) which has trivial and twisted plots but was read for its alliterative style and extravagant language. He is involved in the writing of Drama. He takes his imagery from classical learning. There are classical allusions, symmetry, parallelism, alliteration. People loved it so much that he wrote a second part of Pushes. * Sir Philip Sidney He was the first English literary critic. He argues that poetry has the function of both teaching and delighting. The great end of learning is the living of a virtuous life, and the inspired poet can lead readers to the highest truths. Prose: -Arcadia: as Lily, he uses the prose for ornamental use and has a twisted plot. Device used: pathetic fallacy, beyond personification. .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .postImageUrl , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:hover , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:visited , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:active { border:0!important; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:active , .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031 .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3389dafea939ebc5826ce52ee3cba031:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HISTORY TEST EssayHe gives inanimate objects willing and feelings of their own. He uses imagery from nature sounds more fresh. Poetry: -Catastrophes and Stella: first sequence of related sonnets in English. Catastrophes (star lover) Stella (star) *Edmund Spencer: He was the first important modern English poet. His poetry continues in the allegorical verse tradition of the Middle Ages. His allegories, however, were much more complex than previous ones on three levels: moral, historical, and personal. Allegories were suggested by the characters names: Vanity, Queen of Pride, Gluttony. Readers should be alert to the multilevel meaning of each character. Spencer divides a nine line stanza, rhyming Babcock, now known as the Spenserian stanza. The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter, the last is an Alexandrine (iambic hexameter). Faerie Queen: culmination of allegorical tradition. It brings together history, folklore, patriotism, political thought, humanism, Protestant idealism, epic and romance, etc. Amaretto: a sonnet sequence f) Analyses The Hind by Wyatt and the sonnet that begins Since brass, nor stone By Shakespeare. The Hind by Wyatt Wyatt uses the sonnet form, which he introduced to England from the work of Patriarch. The Patriarchal sonnet typically has 14 lines. The first 8 lines, or octet, introduce a problem or issue for contemplation and the remaining six lines, or sestets, offers a resolution or an opinion. Wyatt uses iambic manometer. This meaner that there are five pairs of syllables, each with the stress on the second syllable. It is the most common rhythm used in traditional poetry and was used by Shakespeare in his sonnets, poems and plays. Iambic pentameter, though a regular rhythm, was thought to be closest to ordinary speech patterns, so it is an attempt to imitate but also elevate the sounds of everyday conversation. By opening the poem with a question, the narrator challenges the reader. There is an invitation in his words, and the use of an exclamation mark at the end of the first line implies excitement at the idea. As hunting was a popular pastime in the court of Henry VIII, this suggests a poem along the lines of Henry Vics own most famous lyric, Pastime With Good Company. However, problem within the octet is revealed in line 2 as the poet tells us that he is no longer part of the hunt. An exclamation mark is used in line 2, again to emphasize emotion, but this time frustration and regret. This is a passionate yet contradictory introduction. Line 3 makes use of assonance to reveal the poets earlier hunting efforts as Vain travail which has tired him out to the point of physical pain. We can see that the memo is an extended metaphor for the end of a relationship. The metaphor is an excellent choice in terms of the Tudor court and the possible situation to which it is attributed. The poet is now at the tail end of the pursuit, although, he says in line 5 that his mind has not deviated from the hunt. Wyatt makes use of enjambment (breaking a phrase over more than one line of verse) and caesura (concluding a phrase within the first half of a line of verse) across lines six and seven to highlight the discord represented by the end of the relationship as he subverts and challenges his own chosen structure. In line 8, the poet uses the concluding line of the octet to stress the futility of his former quest. He uses the metaphor of catching the wind in a net to emphasize the pointlessness of his chase. The final sestets begins with line 9 reiterating the appeal to those who wish to join the hunt, but he continues in to line 10 to explain that the pursuit will be in vain for them too. Again there is an exclamation mark to indicate an intensity of feeling. Line 11 continues the extended metaphor as an explanation of why his hunt of this hind, and that of others who pursue her, is so pointless. She has a bejewel collar, indicating she already has an owner. Her collar is adorned with the Latin phrase Noel Me teenager meaning touch me not. This expression refers to a phrase spoken by Jesus to Mary Magdalene in the Bible. The design also includes the name of her owner for Careers I am. If we identify the poem as referring to Anne Volley, then her new owner would be King Henry VIII; the pair were married around the time when this poem was composed and Wyatt could no longer compete for her affections. By describing Henry using the allusion of Caesar, Wyatt bestows on his monarch the qualities of a reputation of greatness and incisive rule. Caesar was, like Henry, a leader early in late teens, a handsome and strong young man and was significant in the political and aesthetic changes and developments of his realm. Both were literate, charismatic and influential. However, other less favorable parallels can be drawn. Both Caesar and Henry VIII incurred huge debt during their respective offices. There were many subjects who were held captive, sometimes executed, on charges of treason. Caesar faced questions regarding his sexuality and his unsuitable choices of women. Wyatt may also be alluding to these less appealing aspects of Caesar in his comparison if we see the suasion in the poem to be borne of frustration and anger. Http://www. Graveside. Mom/collected-poems-of-sir-Thomas-Wyatt/study- guide/sections/ Sonnet 64 discusses the lofty towers I see down-razed, the brass which is eternal slave to mortal rage, or a victim to war, and the destruction of the kingdom of the shore by the hungry ocean. Here again, brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea can escape the ravages of time. Line 3 asks, How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea, characterizing beauty as the plaintiff in a legal dis pute. Time is thus characterized as an unfair warrant, against which delicate beauty stands no chance in court. The legal terminology is continued in the following line with the use of the word action. The idea of times rage links Sonnet 65 to the previous sonnet. In Sonnet 64, brass is described as an eternal slave to mortal rage. The term rage in association with time is also seen in Sonnet 13, which refers to the barren rage of deaths eternal cold. Lines 6-8 present a metaphor of the seizure of a city, which would be the final destruction of war. In line 6, the wrathful siege of battering days, refers to ruin and